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1、Section Grammar & Writing 教学设计定语从句()：关系代词引导的限制性定语从句考点精析一、定语从句的概述英语中用来修饰名词或代词，起定语作用的句子叫做定语从句。定语从句通常放在被修饰词之后，且常常由引导词引导。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句的引导词叫做关系词。二、定语从句的分类定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。本节主要学习限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句对先行词起到限制的作用，限制性定语从句通常与主句紧密相连，译为汉语时，通常以“的”来体现定语从句。三、定语从句的引导词(一)引导定语从句的词叫关系词，按其性质分为关系代词和关系副词：关系代词who， wh
2、om， which， that， whose， as关系副词when， where， why(二)限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法1that的用法that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语，而且作宾语时可以省略。This is the book. I want to read it.This is the book (that) I want to read.这就是我想读的那本书。(that 指代the book，在定语从句中作宾语。)Tom is one of the guests. They come from the USA.Tom is one of the guest
3、s that come from the USA.汤姆是从美国来的客人中的一位。(that指代the guests，在定语从句中作主语。)(1)在who， which引导的一般疑问句中，为避免重复，定语从句的关系代词用that。Who is the man that is sweeping the leaves？正在打扫落叶的那个人是谁？(2)先行词是everything， anything， nothing， all， little等不定代词或由不定代词、序数词、形容词最高级及the very， the only等修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词、形容词最高级时，定语从句的关系代词用that。I
4、 like everything that you have bought for me.我喜欢你为我买的一切。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。(3)先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用that。At the party， we talked about the persons and things that we had seen in America.晚会上，我们谈论了我们在美国所见到的人和物。考题印证111(2011山东高考)The old town has narro
5、w streets and small houses _ are built close to each other.Athey BwhereCwhat Dthat解析：考查定语从句。关系代词that代替先行词small houses，在从句中作主语。句意：这座古老的城镇街道狭窄，小房子之间挨得很近。答案：D12(2010全国卷)I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.Awho BthatCas Dwhat解析：考查定语从句。“that was someone elses fault”是定语从句，
6、修饰先行词something，that在从句中作主语。答案：B2which的用法which指物，在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。His film was about the life of Gandhi. It won several awards.His film which won several awards was about the life of Gandhi.他的荣获好几项奖的影片是关于甘地生平的。(which指代his film，在定语从句中作主语。)David had just bought a car. The car was destroyed in th
7、e hurricane.The car (which) David had just bought was destroyed in the hurricane.戴维刚买的汽车在飓风中被毁坏了。(which指代the car，在定语从句中作宾语。)点津(1)which在从句中作宾语时常可省略，但在介词后不能省略。(2)当先行词本身是that时，关系代词用which而不用that。Whats that which is flying in the sky？在空中飞的那个东西是什么？(3)先行词后有插入语时关系代词用which而不用that。Heres the book which， I thin
8、k， you have been looking for.我想这就是你一直在找的书。考题印证2(2011福建高考)She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.Awhich BwhereCwhat Dwho解析：考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，an atmosphere 与修饰它的定语从句被 for her students 隔开，该从句缺少主语，所以用 which引导。 答案：A3who的用法who指人，在定语从句中通
9、常作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。Here comes the girl. She wants to see you.Here comes the girl who wants to see you.想见你的那个女孩过来了。(who指代the girl，在定语从句中作主语。)The person has just returned from Italy. Susan is talking to him.The person (who) Susan is talking to has just returned from Italy.苏珊正在与之交谈的那个人刚从意大利回来。(who指代the p
10、erson，在定语从句中作宾语。)考题印证3(2010湖南高考)Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year.Awho BwhereCwhen Dwhich解析：考查定语从句。根据语境和句子结构可知，此处应用who引导定语从句，修饰先行词students。答案：A4whom的用法whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略。The student is the best player in our school. W
11、e saw him just now.The student (whom) we saw just now is the best player in our school.我们刚才见到的那个学生是我们学校最好的运动员。(whom指代the student，在定语从句中作宾语。)点津(1)在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词whom常可以省略，但介词提前时不能省略。The man to whom my father is talking is my teacher.我父亲正在与其谈话的那个人是我的老师。(2)who也可以代替whom在从句中作宾语，但who不能用于介词之后。The person who
12、/whom you just met is Mr. Li.刚才你遇到的那个人是李先生。5whose的用法whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，指人时，相当于of whom；指物时，相当于of which。You took her umbrella. The woman is very angry about that.The woman whose umbrella you took is very angry about that.你拿了她的伞的那位女士为此很生气。(whose指代her，在定语从句中作定语。)This is the house. Its door has been
13、 painted red.This is the house whose door has been painted red.这就是那座门被刷成了红色的房子。(whose指代its，在定语从句中作定语。)考题印证441(2011新课标全国卷)The prize will go to the writer _story shows the most imagination. Athat BwhichCwhose Dwhat解析：考查定语从句。 先行词the writer 与定语从句的主语story之间有所属关系， 因此用关系代词whose 引导定语从句。 答案：C42(2010北京高考)Chil
14、dren who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.Awhat BwhoseCwhich Dthat解析：考查定语从句。关系词修饰从句中主语diet，作diet的定语，故选B。答案：B专题练习.把下列句子合并成含有定语从句的复合句1The man lives in the room next to me. He made a speech yesterday.The man who/that made a speech yesterday lives in the room next to me.2
15、The camera is on the desk. You want it.The camera (which/that) you want is on the desk.3Michael Jackson died on June 25， 2009. His music is still very popular.Michael Jackson whose music is still very popular died on June 25， 2009.4The woman is a movie star. You met with her just now.The woman (who/that) you met with just now is a movie star.
