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1、2021考研英语（二）真题及答案解析2021考研英语(二)真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishIfs not difficult to set targets fbr staff.It is much harder.(1)to understand theirnegative harder,consequences.Most work-related behaviors have multiplecomponents.(2)one and the others become distorted.Travel on a London bus and youll(3)see
2、how this works with drivers.Watchpeople get on and show their tickets.Are they carefully inspected?Never.Do peopleget on without paying?Of course!Are there inspectors to(4)that people have paid?Possibly,but very few.And people who run fbr the bus?They are(5).How aboutjumping lights?Buses do so almos
3、t as frequently as cyclists.Why?Because the target is(6).People complained that buses were late andinfrequent.(7).the number of buses and bus lanes were increased,and drivers were(8)or punished according to the time they took.And drivers hit these targets.Butthey(9)hit cyclists.If the target was cha
4、nged to(10)you would have moreinspectors and more sensitive pricing.If the criterion changed to safety,you would getmore(11)drivers who obeyed tralYic laws.But both these criteria would be at theexpense of time.There is another(12):people became immensely inventive in hitting targets.Have you(13)tha
5、t you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time?Tailwinds?Of course not!Airlines have simply changed the lime a(14)is meant totake.A one-hour flight is now billed as a two-hour flight.T h e(15)of the story is simple.Most jobs are multidimensional,with multiplecriteria.Choose one cr
6、iterion and you may well(16)others.Everything can be donefaster and made cheaper,but there is a 17)Setting targets can and does haveunforeseen negative consequences.This is not an argument against target-setting.But it is an argument fbr exploringconsequences first.All good targets should have multi
7、ple criteria(18)critical factorssuch as time,money,quality and customer feedback.The trick is not only to(19)just one or even two dimensions of the objective,but also to understand how to helppeople better(20)the objective.1 .A.thereforeB.againC.moreoverD.however2.A.identifyB.assessC.emphasizeD.expl
8、ain3.A.curiouslyB.quicklyC.eagerlyD.nearly4.A.checkB.proveC.recallD.claim5.A.threatenedB.mockedC.ignoredD.blamed6.A.hospitalityB.competitionC.punctualityD.innovation7.A.YetB.BesidesC.StillD.So8.A.rewardedB.trainedC.groupedD.hired9.A.ratherB.alsoC.onceD.only10.A.comfortB.efTiciencyC.security0.revenue
9、I l.A.cautiousB.quietC.diligentD.friendly12.A.purposeB.prejudiceC.policyD.problem13.A.revealedB.noticedC.admitted.reported14.A.breakB.departureC.transferD.trip15.A.moralB.backgroundC.styleD.formI6.A.sacrificeB.criticizeC.tolerateD.inteq)ret17.A.secretB.costC.productD.task18.A.relating toB.calling fo
10、rC.accounting fbrD.leading to19.A.predictB.restoreC.specifyD.create20.A.reviewB.achieveC.presentD.modify答案：1-5 DCBAC6-10CAABD11-15 ADBDB16-20 ABACBSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or|D|.Mark your ans
11、wers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Reskilling is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirementif we plan to have a future where a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind.We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will changerapidly,as will the re
12、quirements of the jobs that remain.Research by the WEFdetailed in the Harvard Business Review,finds that on average 42 per cent of the coreskills within job roles will change by 2022.That is a very short timeline,so we canonly imagine what the changes will be further in the future.The question of wh
13、o should pay for reskilling is a thorny one For individualcompanies,the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longerdemand and replace them with those whose skills are.That does not alwayshappen.AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company who decided to do amassive
14、reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy,ultimalelyretraining 18,000 employees.Prepandemic,other companies including Amazon andDisney had also pledged to create their own plans.When the skills mismatch is in thebroader economy though,the fbcus usually turns to government to ha
15、ndle.Eflbrts inCanada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best,and have given us asituation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers even at timesand In regions where unemployment is high.With the pandemic,unemployment is very high indeed.In February.at 3.5 percent and 5.5 p
16、er cent respectively,unemployment rates in Canada and the UnitedStates were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere.As of May,those rates had spiked up to 13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent,and although manyworker shortages had disappeared,not all had done so.In the medical field,to take anobvious example,the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors.nurses and other medical personnelOf course,it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter and train him to
