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1、Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator applic
2、ation began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this
3、 robot to get peoples attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set
4、 for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standa
5、rds. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of ind
6、ustrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of autom
7、ation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didnt opp
8、ortunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm r
9、esearch began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic ar
10、m spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like wel
11、ding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of sense, when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand2013年
12、一级建造师工程法规考试真题及答案一、单项选择题(共70题，每题1分.每题的备选项中，只有1个最符合题意)1 .下列己经颁布的规范性法律文件中，不属于宪法部门法范畴的是( )A .全国人民代表大会组织法B . 中华人民共和国国际法C . 中华人民共和国反垄断法D . 全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选取法答案：C解析： 反垄断法 属干经济法。参见教材p2.2 .根据 中华人民共和国保险法 ，投保人参保建筑工程一切险的建筑工程项目，保险人须负责赔偿因( )造成的损失和费用。A .设计错误B .原材料缺陷C .不可预料的意外事故D .工艺不完善答案：C解析：建筑工程一切险是在建造过程中因自然灾
13、害或意外事故而引起的一切损失的险种。参见教材p40 。3 .下列法律责任中，属于刑事处罚的是( )A .处分B .暂扣执照C .恢复原状D .罚金答案：D解析：刑事处罚包括主刑和附加刑两部分。主刑有：管制、拘役、有期徒刑、无期徒刑和死刑。附加刑有：罚金、剥夺政治权利和没收财产.参见教材P46.4 .根据 建筑法 ，在建工程因故中止施工的，建设单位应当自中止施工之日起( )内，向施工许可证颁发机关报告，并按照规定做好建筑工程的维护管理工作.A . 15 天B . 1 个月C . 2 个月D . 3 个月答案：B解析：在建的建筑工程因故中止施工的，建设单位应当自中止施工之日起一个月内，报告，并按照
14、规定做好建筑工程的维护管理工作.参见教材P54 .5 .以出让方式取得国有土地使用权的建设项目，建设单位应当持建设项目的批准、核准、备案文件和国有土地使用权出让合同，向建设项目所在城市、县人民政府( )领取建设用地规划许可证。A .土地主管部门B .建设行政主管部门C .城乡规划主管部门D .授权的镇人民政府答案：C解析：以出让方式取得国有土地使用权的建设项目，在签订国有土地使用权出让合同后，建设单位应当持建设项目的批准、核准、备案文件和国有土地出让合同，向城市、县人民政府城乡规划主管部门领取建设用地规划许可证。参见教材P51 。6 .关于建筑工程施工许可管理的说法，错误的是( )A .申请施
15、工许可证是取得建设用地规划许可证的前置条件B .保证工程质量和安全的施工措施须在申请施工许可证前编制完成 C .只有法律和行政法规才有权设定施工许可证的申领条件D .消防设计审核不合格的，不予颁发施工许可证答案：A解析：只有取得规划许可证之后，方可申请办理施工许可。参见教材p5l 。7 .关干无资质的“实际施工人”利益受到侵害时处理的说法，正确的是( )A .无资质承包主题签订的劳务分包合同无效，其合同权益不受法律保护B .实际施工人不能向没有合同关系的建设工程项目的发包方主张权利C .实际施工人以发包人为被告主张权利时，则与转包人、违法分包人无关D .建设工程项目发包人只在欠付工程价款的范围内对实际施工人承担责任。答案：D解 析：实际施工人的权益受到侵害时，其可以向合同相对方主张权利，甚至可以向建设工程项目的发包方主张权利，实际施工人以转包人、违法分包人为被告起诉时， 人民法院应当依法受理，实际施工人以发包人为被告主张权利时，人民法院可以追加转包人或者违法分包人为本案当事人，发包人只在欠付工程款的范围内对实际施 工人承担责任。参见教材p65 。8 .施工企业的施工现场消防安全责任人应是( )A .施工企业负责人B .专职安全员C . 一专职消防安全员D . 项目负责人答案：D解析：
