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1、understand the use of ellipsis in English3 3Excuse me!Yes?Is this your handbag?Pardon?Is this your handbag?Yes,it is.Thank you very much.这段简短的对话中都省这段简短的对话中都省略了哪些词呢？略了哪些词呢？Watch and ObserveWatch and ObserveExcuse me!Yes?Is this your handbag?Pardon?Is this your handbag?Yes,it is.Thank you very much.(Y
2、ou)(I beg your)pardon.my handbag.(I)Have aHave aObserve the following sentences and pay attention to the red parts.1.A:Oh,I just love nachos!(They are)Mexican corn chips covered in Cheese!B:Me,too./(I love nachos),too.2.A:So its the food of many different cultures,(and they are)all in one dish?B:Exa
3、ctly,(its the food of many different cultures,and they are all in one dish.)3.(There is)a real mix of cultures here!4.(I)cant wait(to go there)!Please underline the words that can be left out.1.A:Oh,I just love nachos!They are Mexican corn chips covered in Cheese!B:Me,too./I love nachos,too.2.A:So i
4、ts the food of many different cultures,and they are all in one dish?B:Exactly,its the food of many different cultures,and they are all in one dish.3.There is a real mix of cultures here!4.I cant wait to go there!省略句的定义省略句的定义(definition of ellipsis)(definition of ellipsis)省略是为了省略是为了避免重复避免重复、突出新信息突出新信
5、息并并使使上下文紧密连接上下文紧密连接的一种的一种语法修辞手段语法修辞手段。省略在语言中省略在语言中,尤其在对话中尤其在对话中,是一种是一种十分普遍的现象。十分普遍的现象。省略前提省略前提:主谓宾主谓宾,定状表定状表,如有重复可删掉。如有重复可删掉。省略原则省略原则:词语省略后词语省略后,不致令人费解。不致令人费解。(You)Come in,please.(I)See you tomorrow.(I)Thank you for your help.(I)Beg your pardon.简单句中的省略简单句中的省略1.省略主语省略主语:祈使句中的主语通常被省祈使句中的主语通常被省略略;其他省略主
6、语的情况多限于少数现其他省略主语的情况多限于少数现成的说法。成的说法。(It)Sounds a good idea.(Will you)Have a smoke?(Would you like)Something to drink?(You come)This way,please.2.省略主语或谓语的一部分省略主语或谓语的一部分3.省略宾语省略宾语-Do you know Miss Hu?-I dont know(her).Tom enjoys dancing,but Peter hates (dancing).可以省略宾语的全部可以省略宾语的全部 Dont touch anything u
7、nless the teacher tells you to(touch).-Are you a teacher?-No,but I want to be(a teacher).-He hasnt finished the task.-Well,he ought to have(finished it).可可以以省省略略作作宾宾语语的的动动词词不不定定式式,只只保保留留to,但但如如果果该该宾宾语语是是动动词词be或或完完成成形形式式,则则须须在在to后加上后加上be或或have。-Are you thirsty?-Yes,I am(thirsty).His brother isnt lazy
8、.Nor is his sister(lazy).4.省略表语省略表语-Are you feeling better now?-(Im feeling)Better(now).-When did you read the novel?-(I read it)Long ago.Lets meet at the school gate as the same as(we met)yesterday.5.同时省略几个句子成分同时省略几个句子成分两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。一分句中相同的部分。Mike said that he would c
9、ome to school to see me the next day,but he didnt (come to school to see me the next day).Lins father was not at home,but his mother was(at home).She was poor but(she was)honest.并列句中的省略并列句中的省略1.主句中的省略主句中的省略(1)主句的省略多见于句首，多用于口语。主句的省略多见于句首，多用于口语。(Its a)Pity you couldnt come.(2)在对话中答句省去整个主句只用从句。在对话中答句省去
10、整个主句只用从句。-Shall I go to play?-If you like(you can go to play).复合句中的省略复合句中的省略2.宾语从句中的省略宾语从句中的省略(1)由由which,when,where,how和和why引导引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省去，只保留的宾语从句，可全部或部分省去，只保留引导词。引导词。Please pass me one of these books and I dont care which(you pass me).(2)在在Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等开头的作答句中，后面跟
11、等开头的作答句中，后面跟so与与 not分别用于肯定或否定宾语时，宾语从分别用于肯定或否定宾语时，宾语从句可省去。句可省去。-Do you think it will rain?-I hope not(that it will not rain).3.状语从句中的省略状语从句中的省略(1)状语从句出现在句末时，一般都可以状语从句出现在句末时，一般都可以作句尾省略。作句尾省略。John will go if Mary will(go).You can ask me questions if(there are)any(questions).(2)有时条件从句可以完全省去，只剩下有时条件从句可以完
12、全省去，只剩下主句。主句。I would have come yesterday(if I had wanted to).(3)以以as,than引导的比较状语从句可以全引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。部或部分省去。After half an hour,she became quieter(than she had been).(4)在表示时间、地点、条件、让步等的在表示时间、地点、条件、让步等的状语从句中，从句的主语如与主句的主状语从句中，从句的主语如与主句的主语相同，常省略从句的主语和谓语。语相同，常省略从句的主语和谓语。When(you are)crossing the road,
13、youd better look at both sides.Unless(I am)invited I will not go.While(he was)on a walking tour with his wife,he stooped to talk to a workman.1.that的省略的省略(1)宾语从句中常省略宾语从句中常省略that,但多个宾语但多个宾语从句并列时从句并列时,通常只省略第一个通常只省略第一个that。He said(that)the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.(2
14、)定语从句中定语从句中that作宾语时可以省略。作宾语时可以省略。The book(that)I borrowed yesterday was hers.其他省略其他省略2.不定式符号不定式符号to的省略的省略(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的并列的不定式可省去后面的to。The boy did nothing but play.(3)介词介词but前若有实义动词前若有实义动词do,后面不定式后面不定式不带不带to。I will help(to)do it for you.I will help you(to)do it.(2)help当当“帮助帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不
15、定式符号补的不定式符号to可带可不带。可带可不带。I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.I saw the boy fall from the tree.The boy was seen to fall from the tree.The boss made us work 12 hours a day.We were made to work 12 hours a day.(4)某些使役动词某些使役动词（let,make,have）及感及感官动词官动词（see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,look at,l
16、isten to等）等）后面作宾语补足后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去语的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动语态但在被动语态中须将中须将to复原。复原。(5)主语从句中有实义动词主语从句中有实义动词do,后面作表后面作表语的不定式的语的不定式的to可带可不带。可带可不带。What we can do now is(to)wait.3.条件从句中有条件从句中有should,were或或had时时,可以省略可以省略if,但要将但要将should,were或或had提至句首。提至句首。If I were you,I would give it up.Were I you,I would give it up.1.signs/labels No parking.(No parking is allowed here.)Quiet!(You should be quiet here.)2.newspaper headlines Turandot on stage.(The opera Turandot is being performed on stage.)一些特殊结构中的省略一些特殊结构中的省
