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1、语法专题十六、主谓一致考点精讲主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致。有三条原则：1. 语法一致原则 2. 意义一致的原则 3. 就近原则考点一、语法一致原则是指主语和谓语动词在语法形式上保持一致。即主语为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数，谓语动词也采用复数形式。1、 主语是不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式、动词-ing形式、从句等，谓语动词用单数。 Coffee is more popular in western countries. 2、主语是复数名词、复数代词、谓语动词用复数形式。 如： Some boys are playing in the park.
2、3、由and 或both.and来连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如： Swimming and walking are good exercises. 注意1）但是，并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）。例如： Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every或many a , more than one修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。 例如： In our country every boy and every girl has the
3、 right to receive education. Many a student is having practice in that factory. 4、如果主语后面跟有 with, together with, along with, as well as, like, but, except, besides，including, no less than, rather than ,as much as，more than, in addition to等时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致。 An English teacher together with some student
4、s has climbed the mountain. Mary as well as her friends likes this painting. 5、“a number of+复数名词 ”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“The number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： A large number of buildings were burnt down. The number of students in our school is 2500.6、 one of+复数名词+谓语动词单数“表示“.之一”。 One of my pen friends is fr
5、om Beijing. 7、 none of后面只能跟可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。 如; None of those books is/ are good. 8、 由one, each other, every one, each.and.作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Each of us has a math book. 9、 由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词和不定代词either/ neither+of+n.作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Everyone knows smoking cigarettes is bad for health. Nei
6、ther of the two computers is cheap. 10、在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数，应与句中先行词的数一致。例如： It sounded like a train which/that was going under my house.11、由“分数或百分数+of +名词（或代词）”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。例如： Two thirds of the country is dry or desert. 30 percent of the students in our class
7、 are girls.12、 glasses, pants, trousers, shorts, jeans, chopsticks, shoes, gloves等名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但如果前有“a kind of, 或this/that kind of, a series ( a species) of, a pair of等+名词”构成谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如： This kind of men is dangerous. 考点二、意义一致原则，是指谓语动词形式要与主语意义上的单复数形式一致。 1、 以集体名词army, class, enemy, family, gov
8、ernment, group, team, crew，crowd，public等集体名词作主语时，谓语应视其情况而用不同形式：当作主语被看作一个整体时，谓语用单数，如果被看成是其中的个体成员时，谓语就用复数。如： Our class is better than any other classes at playing basketball in our school. Our class are playing a basketball match tomorrow. 2、表示总称意义形单意复的名词，如people, police, cattle 等，作复数看待，谓语在任何情况下都用复数。而
9、有些名词如news, politics等以-s结尾，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。注意population 单独使用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而前面有some, most 或与分数、百分数连用作主语时，则谓语动词用复数形式。例如： Most of the population of the city are workers.这个城市人口的大多数是工人。 The population in our country is very large, and eighty percent of the population are farmers.3、当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等数词短语
10、作主语，根据意义一致原则，通常被看作一个整体，其谓语用单数。 如： Twenty years is a long time to us. 对于我们来说，20年是一段很长的时间。 One thousand pounds is a lot of money. 一千英镑是很大一笔钱。4、如果主语由“the+形容词”担任时，往往根据意义一致原则，来决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。表示一类人时，谓语动用复数形式；如果指个人或抽象概念时，则谓语动词用单数形式。 The old is taken good care of in our country. 在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾。 The sick is o
11、ne of the students in our class. 那位病人是我们班的一个学生。5、“the+姓氏复数”表示“一家人或夫妇二人”。做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。6、当一些有两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如glasses, trousers（裤子）, shoes ，chopsticks（筷子）,goods（货物）,scissors（剪刀）,socks, compasses（圆规） ，但如果这些名词前有a pair of，等量词修饰时，（clothes被修饰a suit of），谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如： Your trousers need
12、washing. 你的裤子该洗了。 My glasses are new. 我的眼镜是新的。 A pair of new shoes is in your suitcase.一双新鞋在你的手提箱里。三、就近一致原则，即谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定，又称为毗邻一致原则。1、当or，either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also.，not.but.，whether.or.等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于最靠近于它的名词或代词。 Either you or Lily is to do the cleaning after supper. Not only
13、 the mother but also the children were there.2、 在there be或here be句型，主语不止一个时，谓语动词与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。 There is a desk a table and three chairs in the room. 考点精练中考语法主谓一致专项练习（共计50小题，每小题2分，总分100分。）1. (2022广西壮族自治区历年真题)Each of us _ WeChat(微信) nowadays, even the old people.A. playsB. playC. playingD. played【答案】A
14、【解析】句意：现在我们每个人都用微信，甚至是老年人也用。由语境可知，此处描述目前的一种现象，应用一般现在时；不定代词作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选A。2. (2022广西壮族自治区历年真题)Here are some _ for you to read.A. milk B. tea C. books【答案】C【解析】句意：这里有一些书给你看。milk牛奶，不可数名词；tea茶，不可数名词；books书，可数名词复数。here be结构，谓语就近原则，are后用可数名词复数。3.(2022广西壮族自治区历年真题)Tom,whats your dad doing？He _my bik
15、eA. repairB. repairsC. is repairingD. will repair【答案】C【解析】句意：汤姆，你的爸爸正在做什么？他正在修理我的自行车。repair表示修理，动词；根据题干中whats your dad doing？可知此处询问爸爸正在做什么，现在进行时态，其结构是主语+is/am/are doing。4. (2022广西壮族自治区历年真题)After the boys homework _, he went out to play.A. finishedB. finishesC. was finishedD. is finished【答案】C【解析】句意：这个男孩做完家庭作业后，就出去玩了。主语“作业”与谓语“完成”关系为被动，且根据he went out to play.可知描述过去发生的事应使用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done，主语不可数名词谓语应使用was finished。5. (2022广西壮族自治区历年真题)Ever
