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1、2022-2023年山东省青岛市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）学校:_ 班级:_ 姓名:_ 考号:_一、2.Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(20题)1.There is not much change in theweather in the tropical rainforests all the year round.A.Y B.N C.NG2.How Earthquakes WorkAn earthquake is one of the most terrifying phenomena that nature c
2、an dish up. We generally think of the ground we stand on as rock-solid and completely stable. But an earthquake can shatter that perception instantly. Up until relatively recently, scientists only had unsubstantiated guesses as to what actually caused earthquakes. Even today there is still a certain
3、 amount of mystery surrounding them, but scientists have a much clearer understanding. There has been enormous progress in the past century: Scientists have identified the forces that cause earthquakes, and developed technology that can tell us an earthquakes magnitude and origin. The next hurdle is
4、 to find a way of predicting earthquakes.Shaking GroundAn earthquake is a vibration that travels through the earths crust. Technically, a large truck that rumbles down the street is causing a mini-earthquake, if you feel your house shaking as it goes by, but we tend to think of earthquakes as events
5、 that affect a fairly large area, such as an entire city. All kinds of things can cause earthquakes:-volcanic eruptions-meteor(流星) impacts-underground explosions (an underground nuclear test, for example)-collapsing structures (such as a collapsing mine)But the majority of naturally-occurring earthq
6、uakes are caused by movements of the earths plates, as well see in the next section.We only hear about earthquakes in the news every once in a while, but they are actually an everyday occurrence on our planet. According to the United States Geological Survey, more than three million earthquakes occu
7、r every year. Thats about 8000 a day, or one every 11 seconds! The vast majority of these 3 million quakes are extremely weak.Sliding PlatesThe biggest scientific breakthrough in the history of seismology(地震学)the study of earthquakes came in the middle of the 20th century, with the development of th
8、e theory of plate tectonics(板块构造). The basic theory is that the surface layer of the earththe lithosphereis comprised of many plates that slide over the lubricating mantle(地幔) layer. At the boundaries between these huge plates of soil and rock, three different things can happen:-Plates can move apar
9、tIf two plates are moving apart from each other, hot, molten rock flows up from the layers of mantle below the lithosphere.-Plates can push togetherIf the two plates are moving toward each other, one plate typically pushes under the other one. At some boundaries where two plates meet, neither plate
10、is in a position to subduct under the other, so they both push against each other to form. mountains.-Plates slide against each otherAt other boundaries, plates simply slide by each otherthey are pushed tightly together. A great deal of tension builds at the boundary.Where these plates meet, youll f
11、ind faultsbreaks in the earths crust where the blocks of rock on each side are moving in different directions. Earthquakes are much more common along fault lines than they are anywhere else on the planet.FaultsScientists identify four types of faults, characterized by the position of the fault plane
12、, the break in the rock and the movement of the two rock blocks:-In a normal fault (see animation below), the fault plane is nearly vertical. These faults occur where the crust is being pulled apart, due to the pull of a divergent plate boundary.-The fault plane in a reverse fault is also nearly ver
13、tical, but the hanging wall pushes up and the footwall pushes down. This sort of fault forms where a plate is being compressed.-A thrust fault moves the same way as a reverse fault, but the fault line is nearly horizontal. This is the sort of fault that occurs in a converging plate boundary.-InA.Y B
14、.N C.NG3.reduction in pesticide use has been reported.4.What Gianni Agnelli of Fiat was to Italy referred in the passage implies _.A.Mr. Tatas uncle is important to IndiaB.Tata Airlines is important to IndiaC.Mr. Tatas uncle is dispensable to IndiaD.Tata Airlines is dispensable to India5.Fuller won
15、_ in 1954 for his achievement in the 42-foot cardboard shelter.6.Some middle-aged people tend to suffer from Biochemical depression which might result from _ within the brain.7.To babies from birth to six months of age, the preferred food is_as it contains many protective and immunological factors.8.You can change the sound of your music to become more professional by adding _.9. If a workers political conversations annoy his colleagues, the boss should_.A.fire him for his improper behaviourB.try to stop him by looking down upon himC.directly express his/her anger to the worke
