五星基础英语语法

第 1 课句子的三种模式（Be句型）导言本课的重点是掌握英语的三种基本句型，注意词性和词序，以及定语的位置,同时注意中英文表达上的相同和不相同的地方。三种基本句型虽然简单，但至关重要。掌握好它们，在今后的学习中有一通百通之效。其实英语只有三种基本句型I主+系动词+表词序1 主语2 系动词3 表语即句子的主体用于连接主语和表语表示主语身份、状态以及所处的位置词性*名词代词Be(is,am,are)*名词形容词介词+*名 词（介词短语）注：*注意该结构中的名词，它们能被定语修饰。1 这 个 人 是 一 个 老师。主语 系 表语2（是）很忙。主 语 系 表语The man is a teacher.主胃 豪策语7 高 才He is b usy.主 语 系 袤 i (形容词)注意中文中的系动词经常被省略，而英文中绝不能省。3 她（是）在教室里。She is in the classroom.主语 系 表语 主语系 表 语（介词短语）注：定语只修饰名词，不破坏句子的基本结构。通常由形容词和介词短语充当，形容词放在所修饰的名词之前，而介词短语放在所修饰的名词之后，请注意英语与汉语词序的不同。看懂中文的定语是翻译好定语的关键。be 的人称变化You（They We）are teachers.He（She）is a teacher.Iam a teacherB e的肯定否定及疑问的变化You(They WeHe(She)IYou(They WeHe(She)are teachers.is a teacher.am a teacher)are not teachers.is not a teacher.Iam not a teacherAre you(TheyIs he(She)Am I(定语的位置)那个人是个老师.The man is a teacher.那个人在教室里.We)teachers?a teacher?a teacher?The man is in the classroom.A b ig deskA small deskA b eautiful girl I教室里的I那个人是个老师.The man|in the classroorrj is a teacher.这 个 人在教室里.The man is in the classroom.那个人在 匚 邈 I教室里.The man is in the classroom!on the second floor The man in the classroom 教室 on the second 第二 floor 层|is a teacher|from England.T he man|in the classroom on the second floor|is nota teacher fiom England.1 Is the man|in the classroom on the second floor|a teacher fiom England?介词短语即可以做表语也可以做定语，虽然它们词性相同，但由于词序不同，它们所起到的作用也不同，当在is 的后面是表语，跟在名词的后面它就起到定语的作用。本课要求：牢记第一个句型的旗帜-b e(1)人称变化(2)肯定否定及疑问的变化(3)You(They We)He(She)Ibe 的人称变化You(TheyWe)areteachers.He(She)isa teacher.Iama teacherB e的肯定否定及疑问的变化You(TheyWe)areteachers.He(She)isa teacher.Iama teacherYou(TheyWe)are not teachers.He(She)isnot a teacher.Iam not a teacherAre you(They We)teachers?Is he(She)a teacher?1 Am 1 a teacher?2、介词介词短语的作用本课需记忆的介词(认识就行)in in front of on from3、near of4、介词短语的作用(1)表语,位置在be 之后：The man is in the classroom on the second floor.(2)定语，名词之后：5、The man is in the classroom on the second floor.6、本课目的一 -牢牢抓住 主系表考试时减少查字典的次数，抓主句子的中心The man|in the classroom on the second floor|is nota teacher|介 om England课堂练习be 的人称变化(变为否定与疑问)You(TheyWe)area teacher.(teachers)He(She)isa teacher.I英译汉ama teacher1:The girl 女孩|in the classroom|is a teachei fh)m England2:The fat lady 女人 in fiont of 在.前面 the hospital 医院 is a doctor 医生 from England.3:The TV set 电视 on the desk 桌子 in the living-room 客厅 is new 新的.4:The b ird 鸟 near the red apple in the tree is b lue.5:The wallet 钱包 on the sofa 沙发 in the living-room is your father 你爸爸的.第 2 课B e句型的时态变化课堂练习be 的人称变化You(They Wc)are a teacher.(teachers)He(She)is a teacher.Iam a teacher1:Fhe girl|in the classroom|is a teacher fh)m England2:Thc fat lady|in front of the hospital is a doctor from England.3:The TV set|on the desk|in the living-room|is new.4:The b ird near the apple in the tree is b lue.5:The wallet)on the sofa|in the living-room|is your father.课堂练习答案1:教室里的那个女孩是从英国来的老师.2:医院hospital前面的那个胖女人fat lady是从英国来的医生doctor.3:客厅里桌子上的那台电视TV set是新的.4:树上的红苹果apple旁边的那只鸟是蓝色的b lue.5:客厅living-room里沙发sofa上的钱包wallet是你爸爸的.He,fool现在时肯定：You are rich.否定：You arc not rich.疑问：Are you rich?过去时was were肯定：You were rich.否定：You were not rich.疑问：Were you rich?将来时肯定：You will b e rich.否定：You will not b e rich.疑问：Will you b e rich?I am rich.I was rich.I will b e rich.You are rich.You were rich.You will b e rich.You would b e rich.一般时态的构成时态 f主系表一般现在时态is,am,are一般过去时态was,were一般将来时态will b e一般过去将来时态would b e 一般时态所表示的时间概念过 去 现在 少 将来过去将来-(即相对于过去的将来)从上面的图可以清楚地看出一般时态所使用的时间概念。Poor贫穷的 He(She)will(not)b e a teacher.Will he(she)b e a teacher?主 系动词 表*名词代词 be *1 名 词 2 形容词3 介词+*名 词（介词短语本课要求：牢记第一个句型的旗帜-b e孙老师特别提示-牢牢记住英语的第一 个句型，重中之重是旗帜-b e 的变化一现在、过去将来，陈述、否定及疑的构成。课堂练习You are rich.1:He will not b e the b est student in our class next year 明年.2:My mother was very b eautiful 漂亮 ten years ago 十年前.3:The teacher from England was in America last year 去年.第 3 课There b e句型及时态课堂练习You are rich.1:He will not b e the b est student in our class next year.2:My mother was very b eautiful ten years ago.3:The teacher from England was in America last year.课堂练习答1：明年他将不会是我们班最好的学生.He will b e not the b est student in our class next year.2:我妈妈十年前ten years ago非常漂亮.My mother was very b eautifiil ten years ago.3:从英国来的老师去年在美国.The teacher from England was in America last year.When 主+系动词+表 谓+主+状 该句型通常用于表达某地存在某物（人）词序3状语1谓语2主语3状语地点存在物或人地点词性介词+名词（There b e）名词介词+名词（介词短语）注：该结构中的状语可以置于句首或句尾。1 桌子上 beingh a v e、has n rlnrin过去waswere Jwas、beingwerehad b een done将来will h a r lc n awill-lave b eenlone过去将来would h a r lc n awouldhave b eendoneThe dog b ites me.I am b it b y the dog.The dog b it me.I was b it b y the doThe dog will b ite me.I will b e b it b y the dog.I would b e b it b y the dog.The dog would b ite me.The dog is b iting me.I am b eing b it b y the dog.The dog was b iting me.I was b eing b it b y the dog.The dog has b it me.I have b een b it b y the dog.The dog had b it me.I had b een b it b y the dog.本课要求：能够看懂背动语态。课堂练习Bite-b it b itThe dog b ites me.The dog b ites me.The dog b it me.The dog will b jte me.The dog would b ite me.The dog is b iting me.The dog was b iting me.The dog has b k me.The dog had b jt me.被动语态表一般时态进行时态完成时态现在am、