石大社区护理学双语课件04健康教育与健康促进

Unit FourCommunity Health Education and Community Health Promotion 健康教育与健康促进健康教育与健康促进社区护理学课程组社区护理学课程组Learning ObjectivitiesTo describe the concepts of health education and health promotionTo comprehend the health education program planningTo comprehend the action strategies of health promotion 学习目标 学习目标Health education refers to activities that helps individuals and groups acquire health care knowledge,establish sense of health,and adopt healthy behaviors and lifestyles out of their free will through planned,organized,systematic dissemination of information and behavioral intervention.Its purpose is to eliminate or reduce risk factors which may affect health so as to prevent diseases,promote health,and improve the quality of life.1.健康教育的概念健康教育的概念2.Health Education Program Planning2.Health Education Program Planning Community Analysis provides overall descriptions of those health problems that can most likely be improved through health education.Many aspects of the community are analyzed,such as its general health status,its health care system,its social services system,the physical environment,and so on.This analysis is based on information developed by other organizations.2.Health Education Program Planning Community AnalysisSources of information include Census data,state or non-profit agency reports,the Federal Healthy People 2010,and CDC state surveillance data.The community analysis enables program planners to identify health problems within sub-groups of the community and other issues related to health.2.Health Education Program PlanningTargeted AssessmentWith the results of the large-scale community analysis,program planners begin to focus on a targeted population(perhaps the home-bound elderly or overweight children)and/or a targeted health problem(perhaps circulation problems leading to stroke or obesity leading to diabetes)to define the specific health issues to be addressed.During the targeted assessment,it is most advantageous to involve communitymembers.Having the target population participate in identifying and describing health concerns is educational for both the community and the health planners.2.Health Education Program PlanningProgram Plan Development involves a series of smaller steps.The planning group,ideally including members of the target audience:a.Develop program goalsb.Develop objectives for their goalsc.Explore resources that will help and constraints that might reduce successd.Select the best possible methods and activitiese.Plan for implementation,andf.Plan for evaluation2.Health Education Program PlanningImplementation is putting the program into action.The planning group works to:a.Gain acceptance for the program within the target populationb.Specify tasks and estimate their resource needsc.Develop specific plans for each program activityd.Establish a mechanism for managing the entire programe.Put plans into action2.Health Education Program PlanningEvaluation is the formal process of assessing accomplishments and identifying limitations of the education initiative.Types of evaluations are:Process:evaluating the methods and activities of the program that are designed to produce behavioral changes in participants.Impact:evaluating the specific effect of the program on the behavior and current health of participants.Outcome:evaluating the effects that the program may have on participants over time.一般情况生活方式一般情况生活方式 智力因素非智力因素智力因素非智力因素智力因素非智力因素智力因素非智力因素3.Health PromotionIn 1986,WHO convened the first International Conference on Health promotion in Ottawa,Canada and published Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion,which points out that“Heath promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over,and improve their health”.3.Health PromotionIn 1995,WHO Western Pacific Regional Office published its health policy framework:New Horizons in Health,which points out that health promotion involves individuals,families,communities and nations taking measures together to encourage healthful behaviors and to improve peoples ability to deal with their own health problems.3.健康促进的概念健康促进的概念1986年1986年，WHO在渥太华召开第一届国际健康 促进大会上发表，WHO在渥太华召开第一届国际健康 促进大会上发表渥太华宣言渥太华宣言，宣言中指出：健康促进是指促进人们提高、控制、和改善，宣言中指出：健康促进是指促进人们提高、控制、和改善 他们自身健康的过程。他们自身健康的过程。1995年1995年，WHO西太区发表的，WHO西太区发表的健康新地平线健康新地平线中指出：健康促进是指个人与家庭、社区和中指出：健康促进是指个人与家庭、社区和 国家一起采取措施，鼓励健康行文，增强人们 国家一起采取措施，鼓励健康行文，增强人们 改进和处理自身健康问题的能力。改进和处理自身健康问题的能力。4.Basic Characteristics of Health PromotionHealth promotion involves the entire populations health and life at all levels,not just a particular part of the population and rish factors for a certain disease.Health promotion consists of disease prevention,health education and health protection.Health promotion is based on health education.Health promotion particularly involves active public participation and more public awareness of their own health,and empowers communities to take greater responsibilities for public health promotion as well as acknowledging potential unhealthy factors.Among the three stages of d