高三英语一轮复习【知识建构+拓展延伸】三大从句课件

高三高三一一轮复习轮复习三大从句三大从句解题方法1.找到从句，判断从句类型（定从？名从？状从？）2.分析从句成分选引导词如何判定从句类型？从句从句类型型位置特征位置特征定定语从句从句在在名名词之之后后修修饰这个个名名词、或或在在整整个个句句子子后后用用逗逗号号隔隔开开，对前前面面的的句句子子进行行补充充说明。明。起起形形容容词作作用用，修修饰名名词、代代词(非非限限制制性性定定语从句可修从句可修饰整个句子整个句子）名名词性从句性从句主主语从句从句在在句句首首或或在在含含有有形形式式主主语的句子当中。的句子当中。起起名词作用作用宾语从句从句主主要要在在及及物物动词和和介介词之之后后表表语从句从句在在系动词之后之后同位同位语从句从句在在名词之之后后用用来来解解释这个个名名词的的内容。状状语从句从句位位于于主句前或后，在在前前一一般用逗号隔开。般用逗号隔开。起起副词作作用用，主主要要是是修修饰整整个个句句子子，作作时间、地点、条件、原因、结果、目的、让步、方式和比较状语从句。从句。（一）定语从句中的关系词1、关系代词的基本用法定语定语：whose(人，物人，物)注意：what不可引导定从！u看_后是否有名词，是否有所属关系！（一）定语从句中的关系词2、关系副词的基本用法状语状语：where,when,why介词+关系代词引导的定语从句Quiz【例1】Look out!Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair.A.whose B.which C.of which D.thatwhose+n.=the+n.+ofwhom/which=ofwhom/which+the+n.Quiz【例2】Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature,_,for some reason,had withdrawn from all human society.A.which B.who C.where D.whom根据从句句意，找准先行词是人还是物！（二）分割式定语从句 一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词，可是有的时候，先行词与定语从句之间插入了另外一些内容，这样就把先行词与定语从句分隔开了，这类定语从句叫分隔式定语从句。这类句子应特别注意：不要误把插入部分当先行词。Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature,_,for some reason,had withdrawn from all human society.A.which B.who C.where D.whomQuiz【例3】（天津）Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,_,of course,made the others envy him.A.who B.that C.what D.which“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，介词的宾语只能用which（物）或whom（人）。（1）考查该结构中的介词的选用1He was educated at Peking University,_ which he went on to Cambridge.2Gun control is a subject _ which Americans have argued for a long time.3Ill never forget the day _ which I met the famous singer.A.句子意思的需要 B.从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯 C.先行词和介词的搭配习惯（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句（10）afterabouton“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，介词的宾语只能用which（物）或whom（人）,关系代词作定语时也可用whose,且都不能省略。（1）考查该结构中的介词的选用1He was educated at Peking University,_ which he went on to Cambridge.2Gun control is a subject _ which Americans have argued for a long time.3Ill never forget the day _ which I met the famous singer.A.先行词和介词的搭配习惯 B.从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯 C.句子意思的需要（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句（10）afteraboutonQuiz【例4】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval（幕间休息）,_ the audience can buy some ice cream.A.when B.where C.that D.which=during which关系副词when的先行词：day,week,month,year time(一段时间),period age(时代)when表示时间的介词(in/at/on/during)whichQuiz【例5】Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth.A.who B.when C.which D.where关系副词where的考查是重点！先行词：1.大地点2.小地点3.“抽象地点”：situation,case,stage(阶段),point(地步),activity,society,system,platform(平台),position(位置，职位),atmosphere,environment,scene（场景）.=in which老师，我都记住啦！where表示地点的介表示地点的介词词(in/at/on/under)whichQuiz【例6】The reason _ he came late is not known.A.that B.which C.that D.whywhy=for which（四）易混辨析1.thatVs.which只只能能用用that而而不不用用which 的的情情况况先先行行词是是all，little，few，some,much,none，anything，something，everything，nothing等等不定代不定代词时Tell me anything that you know.当当先先行行词被被the only，the very(恰恰巧巧，正正好好)，the same，the right，any,every,some,no,all,few,little,much,just等等修修饰时This is the very book that I want to buy.当先行当先行词是是序数序数词或或被形容被形容词最高最高级、序数、序数词修修饰时 This is the best movie that Ive ever seen.当先行当先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物时They were talking about persons and things that they remembered.当主句的主当主句的主语是疑是疑问词who或或which时Which is the book that you like best?只能用只能用which而而不用不用that的情况的情况非限制性定非限制性定语从句中从句中He gave me a present,which made me very happy.关关系系词前有介前有介词This is a house in which he once lived.=This is a house which/that he once lived in.1.thatVs.which2.as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别aswhichexampleAs is known to everybody,Chinese people are hard-working.He came late,which made the teacher very angry.先行先行词整个主句或主句中的一部分内容整个主句或主句中的一部分内容位置位置灵活灵活，句首，句中，句尾，句首，句中，句尾只能置于只能置于主句之后主句之后意意义“正如，像，由正如，像，由可知可知”“这一点，一点，这件事件事”惯用用语as的的惯用用语as you can see 正如你所看到的正如你所看到的as is reported 正如正如报道的那道的那样/from where 与与 from which 混用混用 【误误】They stood on the top of the building,from which they could see the whole city.【正】【正】They stood on the top of the building,from where they could see the whole city.解析 from where from the top of the building，from which from the building，显然前者比前者比较较合适。合适。规则规则：有有时为时为了表达更清楚，可以在关系副了表达更清楚，可以在关系副词词where/when前加上介前加上介词词to,from等，如：等，如：China is the birth place of kites,from where kites spread to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India.名词性从句如何识别名词性从句？主从：句首、it is adj./n./v-ed主从That Forrest Gump saved others during the war surprised us.宾从：动宾、介宾、形宾Mum always told me that life was like a box of chocolate.如何识别名词性从句？表从：系动词后The truth is that you never know what youre going to get.同位从：名词后The fact that Forrest Gump saved others during the war surprised us.连接词的判断连词分分类 词形形 词义从句从句担当担当成分成分主主语从句从句宾语从句从句表表语从句从句同位同位语从句从句功能功能区区别 连 词that只起连接作用，在从句中不充当成分whether是否if是否whether和if的区别（非重点）1.If引导主语从句不放在句首2.在宾语从句中，以下情况要用whether不用if：（1）在to do 不定式之前时，只用whether不用if；（2）介词后的宾语从句，只用whether不用if；（3）与or not 连用时，只用whether不用if；（4）在discuss、advise、consider等少数动词后引导宾从时，只用whether不用if。连接词的判断连接代词分分类词形形词义从句担从句担当成分当成分主主语从句从句宾语从句从句表表语从句从句同位同位语从从句句功能区功能区别whatwhatever什么/.的人/事无论什么（东西）主宾表定既起连接作用，本身又做主语、宾语、表语或定语whichwhichever哪一个无论哪个/些主宾表定连接代词whowhoever谁无论谁主语表语whomwhomever谁无论谁宾语whosewhosever谁的无论谁的主宾表定连接词的判断连接副词分分类词形形词义从句担从句担当成分当成分主主语从从句句宾语从