2021年高考英语语法复习：名词性从句考点总结及配套练习

20212021 年高考英语语法复习：名词性从句年高考英语语法复习：名词性从句考点一引导名词性从句的连接词1.连接代词 who,whose,whom,what,which及 wh-ever 等它们有词义,在从句中作成分。whatwhatever 指物,作主语、宾语、定语、表语;whowhoever指人,在从句中作主语、宾语;whomwhomever 指人,在从句中作宾语;whose 在从句中作定语;whichwhichever 指人或物,在从句中作定语、主语、宾语。带-ever 的连接词意义上有“任何”之意。What I want to know is the price of the bike.我想知道的就是自行车的价格。You can buy whatever you need in the shop.在这家商店你能买到任何你需要的东西。whoever,whatever,wherever.等引导的从句不仅是句子的语气加强了,而且此类词引导的句子表示让步和泛指的概念,而 who,what,where.等引导的句子表示具体的概念。如:What he said is right.他所说的是对的。(特指他这次所说的事情)Whatever he said is right.无论他说什么都是对的。此处,whatever=anything what,表示泛指和让步,意为“无论他说什么”。Who will do it is not decided.谁去做这件事还没有确定。(指一次具体的动作)Whoever does it will be punished.无论谁做了这件事,都要受到惩罚。(此处特别强调“无论是谁”)wh-ever 这类词引导名词性从句时,不能用 no matter+whowhatwhich.代替。2.连接副词 when,where,why,how等它们有词义,在句中作状语。when 表时间,why 表原因,where 表地点,how 表方式、程度。This is why I came here.这是我来这儿的原因。I have no idea where he went.我不知道他去了哪里。I dont know when I will see her again.我不知道何时才能再见到她。He showed us his way how he worked out that problem.他向我们展示了他计算那道题的方法。3.从属连词 that,whether,if(1)that 无词义,在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。引导宾语从句时可省略,引导其他名词性从句时不能省略。I heard(that)he won the first prize.我听说他得了一等奖。My suggestion is that we(should)have a discussion about this matter.我的建议是讨论一下这件事。She expressed the hope that she would come to China one day.她表达了有一天要来中国的愿望。(2)whether 和 if 表示“是否”,但在从句中只起连接作用,不作句子成分。除在宾语从句中常可互换外,主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句一般由whether 连接。Whether they would support us was a problem.他们是否会支持我们还是个问题。4.as ifas though 引导的表语从句as ifas though 引导的表语从句常跟在be 动词,seem,look,taste,sound,feel,appear 等动词之后。从句可以用陈述语气,也可以用虚拟语气。The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had beenthrown over it.浓雾笼罩着整座城市。好像把一个巨大的黑毯子覆盖到它的上面。It seems as if it is going to rain.看上去好像要下雨了。此处使用陈述语气而非虚拟语气。5.because,why 引导的表语从句because,why 也可引导表语从句,但 because 引导的表语从句,主语不能是 reason 或 cause(该结构常用 that 引导)。常用于以下句型:China is developing fast.Thats why I think those of my colleagues who deal withChina affairs should visit China.中国在飞速发展,这就是我为什么认为我的那些跟中国打交道的同事应该访问中国。The reason why he didnt pass the exam was that he was too careless.他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。考点二that,what 引导的名词性从句的区别引导名词性从句时,that 没有词义,在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整,不缺任何成分时,往往选用 that;而 what 引导名词性从句时,意为“什么”或“的”,在从句中用来作主语、表语、定语或宾语。It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.(主语从句)我从没想到你能成功说服他改变主意。The reason for her absence is that she has to take care of her sick mother.(表语从句)她缺席的原因是她得照顾她生病的母亲。What was most important to her,she told me,was her family.(主语从句;what 在从句中作主语)她告诉我,对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。As a young man,he doesnt know what it takes to start a shop here.(宾语从句;what在从句中作宾语)作为一名年轻人,他不知道在这儿开商店需要什么。China is no longer what she used to be.(表语从句;what 在从句中作表语)中国不再是过去的样子了。考点三宾语从句的否定转移主句主语是第一人称,谓语为 think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等时,宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think he will come by train.我认为他不会坐火车来。I dont suppose that we can win the game.我认为我们赢不了这场比赛。名词性从句名词性从句 语法训练语法训练.单句语法填空1.There were so many bright yellow Beta 400s cars in the car-park that he did notknow was his car.2.It seems very ridiculous people living so near dont know each other forsuch a long time.3.But most importantly,be careful about you shareyour future may dependon it.4.You have to be careful you say to thin-skinned people so as not to hurttheir feelings.5.From space,the earth looks blue.This isabout 71%of its surface is coveredby water.6.You have to knowyoure going if you are to plan the best way of gettingthere.7.Although there were no accidents,Timmis believes we should still be aware ofis going on around us.8.Traveling to the past or future would allow you to live in exciting periods of historyor get a glimpse(一瞥)of the future holds.9.The more serious effect is they risk being unable to breast-feed.10.We must find outKarl is coming,so we can book a room for him.11.Here is could have and should have happened.12.He expressed his hope the cooperation will help to raise the awarenessabout environmental protection.13.I didnt know he was at home instead of mom.14.Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,but some wont accept it.15.we understand things has a lot to do with how we feel.答案及剖析:1.which本句中,所填单词引导一个宾语从句,同时作句子的主语,指物,意为“哪一个”,因此用 which。2.that考查主语从句。it 是形式主语,真正的主语是 that 引导的从句:people living sonear dont know each other for such a long time。3.what考查 what 宾语从句。句意:但最重要的是,小心你分享的东西你的未来可能取决于它。此处介词 about 后面是宾语从句,从句缺少引导词,从句中谓语动词 share 缺少宾语,所以引导词起双重作用,故答案为 what。4.what考查名词性从句。句意表示“你说的话”,由于从句中缺少 say 后面的宾语,故填 what。5.because考查表语从句。句意:从太空看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球大约 71%的表面都被水覆盖着。分析句子可知此处应填because 引导表语从句。6.where考查宾语从句。You have to know 后面是一个宾语从句。句意:如果你要计划好去那里的最佳方案,你必须知道你要去哪里。故用where 引导宾语从句。7.what考查名词性从句。此处根据句意知,what 引导的是 be aware of 后面的宾语从句,由于从句中缺少主语,所以填 what。8.what考查名词性从句。根据 of 后句子可知,此处是宾语从句,从句缺少 holds 的宾语,故填 what。9.that考查表语从句。句意:更严重的影响是她们冒着不能喂奶的危险。句中 that 引导表语从句,在句中不充当任何成分,只是一个引导词而已。所以要填that。10.when考查宾语从句。句意:我们必须弄明白 Karl 什么时候来,以便我们能给他预订房间。find out 后面跟宾语从句,由句意可知,空处表示时间,在句中作状语,因此用 when。11.what考查表语从句。句意:以下是本可以发生、也应该发生的事情。could haveand should have ha