2022年全国硕士研究生考试考研英语一试题真题及答案（含作文范文）

120222022 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s;theterm“plant neurobiology”was1around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior could be2to intelligence in animals.3plants lack brains,the firing of electrical signals in their stemsand leaves nonetheless triggered responses that4consciousness,researchers previously reported.But such an idea is untrue,according to a new opinion article.Plant biology is complex andfascinating,but it5so greatly from that of animals that so-called6of plants intelligence isinconclusive,the authors wrote.Beginning in 2006,some scientists have7that plants possess neuron-like cells that interactwith hormones and neurotransmitters,8“a plant nervous system,9to that in animals,”saidlead study author Lincoln Taiz,“They10claimed that plants have brain-like command centersat their root tips.”This11makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain,12it to an array ofelectrical pulses;cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals.13,the signaling ina plant is only14similar to the firing in a complex animal brain,which is more than“a mass ofcells that communicate by electricity,”Taiz said.“For consciousness to evolve,a brain with a threshold15of complexity and capacity isrequired,”he16.“Since plants dont have nervous systems,the17that they haveconsciousness are effectively zero.”And whats so great about consciousness,anyway?Plants cant run away from 18,soinvesting energy in a body system which19a threat and can feel pain would be a very20evolutionary strategy,according to the article.1.A.coinedB.discoveredC.collectedD.issued22.A.attributedB.directedC.comparedD.confined3.A.unlessB.whenC.onceD.though4.A.coped withB.consisted ofC.hinted atD.extended5.A.suffersB.benefitsC.developsD.differs6.A.acceptanceB.evidenceC.cultivationD.creation7.A.doubtedB.deniedC.arguedD.requested8.A.adaptingB.formingC.repairingD.testing9.A.analogousB.essentialC.suitableD.sensitive10.A.justB.everC.stillD.even11.A.restrictionB.experimentC.perspectiveD.demand12.A.attachingB.reducingC.returningD.exposing13.A.HoweverB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise14.A.temporarilyB.literallyC.superficiallyD.imaginarily15.A.listB.levelC.labelD.local16.A.recalledB.agreedC.questionedD.added17.A.chancesB.risksC.excusesD.assumptions18.A.dangerB.failureC.warningD.control19.A.representsB.includesC.revealsD.recognizes20.A.humbleB.poorC.practicalD.easySection Reading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Markyour answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1People often complain that plastics are too durable.Water bottles,shopping bags,and othertrash litter the planet,from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench,because plastics are everywhereand dont break down easily.But some plastic materials change over time.They crack and frizzle.3They“weep”out additives.They melt into sludge.All of which creates huge headaches forinstitutions,such as museums,trying to preserve culturally important objects.The variety of plasticobjects at risk is dizzying:early radios,avant-garde sculptures,celluloid animation stills from Disneyfilms,the first artificial heart.Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didnt alwaysknow how to mix ingredients properly,says Thea van Oosten,a polymer chemist who,until retiring afew years ago,worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands.“Its likebaking a cake:If you dont have exact amounts,it goes wrong,”she says.“The object you make isalready a time bomb.”And sometimes,its not the artists fault.In the 1960s,the Italian artist Picro Gilardi began tocreate hundreds of bright,colorful foam pieces.Those pieces included small beds of roses and otheritems as well as a few dozen“nature carpets”large rectangles decorated with foam pumpkins,cabbages,and watermelons.He wanted viewers to walk around on the carpetswhich meant theyhad to be durable.Unfortunately,the polyurethane foam he used is inherently unstable.Its especially vulnerableto light damage,and by the mid-1990s,Gilardis pumpkins,roses,and other figures were spitting andcrumbling.Museums locked some of them away in the dark.So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardis sculptures.They infused somewith stabilizing and consolidating chemicals.Van Oosten calls those chemicals“sunscreens”becausetheir goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers.She is proud thatseveral sculptures have even gone on display again,albeit sometimes beneath protective cases.Despite success stories like van Oostens,preservation of plastics will likely get harder.Oldobjects continue to deteriorate.Worse,biodegradable plastics designed to disintegrate,are