2019-2021年全国硕士研究生考试英语一试卷真题精校版

絶密启用前2021年全囯硬士研究生招生考试英语（一）（科目代碼：201)考生注意事璜1.答題前，考生須在试題冊指定位置上填写考生編弓和考生姓名；在答題卡指定位置上填写扳考单位、考生姓名和考生編丹，并涂写考生編另信息京。2.考生須把试題冊上的试卷糸形碼粘貼茶取下，粘貼在答題卡的试卷篆形碼粘貼位置框中。不按規定粘貼糸形碼而影啊讠平卷結果的，責任由考生自負。3.造抒題的答案必須涂写在答題卡相庶題弓的造璜上，非造抒題的答案必須节写在答題卡指定位置的辺框民域內。超出答題尻域节写的答案元效；在草稿纸、试題冊上答題元效。4.填（节）写部分必須使用黑色字迹签字黽节写，字迹工整、竜迹清楚；涂写部分必須使用2B铂僊填涂。5.考试結束，将答題卡和试題冊按規定交回。（以下信息考生必須从真填写）二二I11111111111111 I 120212021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section IUse of EnglishSection IUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and theability to think quickly,logically,and abstractly in order to solve new problems.It1inyoung adulthood,levels out for a period of time,and then2starts to slowly decline as weage.But3aging is inevitable,scientists are finding that certain changes in brain functionmay not be.One study found that muscle loss and the4of body fat around the abdomen areassociated with a decline in fluid intelligence.This suggests the5that lifestyle factorsmight help prevent or6this type of decline.The researchers looked at data that7measurements of lean muscle and abdominalfat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and8that data toreported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period.They found that middle-aged people9higher measures of abdominal fat10worse on measures of fluid intelligence as theyears11.For women,the association may be12to changes in immunity that resulted fromexcess abdominal fat;in men,the immune system did not appear to be13.It is hoped thatfuture studies could14these differences and perhaps lead to different15for menand women.16,there are steps you can17to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain leanmuscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental18.The twohighly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your19ofaerobic exercise and following a Mediterranean-style20that is high in fiber andeliminates highly processed foods.21.A pausesB returnsC peaksD fades2.A alternativelyB formallyC accidentallyD generally3.A whileB sinceC onceD until4.A detectionB accumulationC consumptionD separation5.A possibilityB decisionC goalD requirement6.A delayB ensureC seekD utilize7.A modifiedB supportedC includedD predicted8.A devotedB comparedC convertedD applied9.A withB aboveC byD against10.A livedB managedC scoredD played11.A ran outB set offC drew inD went by12.A superiorB attributableC parallelDresistant13.A restoredB isolatedC involvedD controlled14.A alterB spreadC removeD explain15.A compensationsB symptomsC demandsD treatments16.A LikewiseB MeanwhileC ThereforeD Instead17.A changeB watchC countD take18.A well-beingB processC formationDcoordination19.A levelB loveC knowledgeD space20.A designB routineC dietD prescriptionSection IIReading ComprehensionSection IIReading ComprehensionPart APart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C orD.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)3Text 1Text 1How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares?Ithas become a grimly reliable annual ritual:every January the cost of travelling by train rises,imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to getto work or otherwise.This years rise,an average of 2.7 percent,may be a fraction lower than lastyears,but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index(CPI)measure of inflation.Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost ofinvesting in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it,rather than thegeneral taxpayer.Why,the argument goes,should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire haveto subsidise the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey?Equally,there is a sense that thetravails of commuters in the South East,many of whom will face among the biggest rises,havereceived too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructureof the Midlands and the North.However,over the past 12 months,those commuters have also experienced some of theworst rail strikes in years.It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they aremaking to the network,but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for thesubstantial sums they are now paying to travel.The responsibility for the latest wave of strikesrests on the unions.However,there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected byindustrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.The Government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirementso that,even when strikes occur,services can continue to operate.This should form part of awider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britains railways.Yes,moreinv