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1、I Cloze:20 pointsUnions are organizations of workers that bargain with employers for economic and jobbenefits.They exist to create 1 and economic power against private management and the2 to achieve their goals.These goals are primarily higher 3,better working conditions,andjob security.4 organized
2、to achieve these goals are usually complex in their social andpsychological detail 0Union movements occurred in the 5 half of the 1700s in the U.S.Carpenters,printers,and shoemakers formed organizations as early as 1791 in Philadelphia,Boston and New York.These 6 in most cases over social and econom
3、ic 7 between workers and employers whenrapid 8 in a young development country began to break down the familiar modes of 9 andthe close ties between workers and employers oA long,hard drive for legalization of union 10 Unions fought with companies and 11courts for legitimacy and status.Unions were 12
4、 as a threat to free enterprise and privateproperty,and 13 to political and economic stability.They were also considered radical,andcompanies resisted them 14.Violent conducts were frequent on both sides.The government attimes moved in state police to suppress the more 15 conflicts.Union workers the
5、mselvesoften punished other workers who did not back their policies oUnions in the U.S.have always 16 a practical direction.They have not adopted radicalideologies or 17 goals.A major force in union organizing in the early part of the century,Samuel Gompers,took a practical approach.He 18 bread and
6、butter unionism“or upure andsimple unionism。”He was interested in immediate,practical gains-higher wages and shorter19.He sided with no political party,only 20 politicians who could help。1.A.politicalB.principalC.crucialD.communal2.A.departmentB.governmentC.sectionD.compartment3.A.positionB.rankC.wa
7、gesD.benefits4.A.ArrangementsB.AdjustmentsC.DynamicsD.Movements5.A.latterB.formerC.earlyD.later6.A.arouseB.aroseC.arisedD.aroused7.A.contradictionB.disputeC.conflictD.debate8.A.improvementsB.rhythmC.paceD.alterations9.A.productionB.livingC.communication D.commerce10.A.pursuedB.followedC.gatheredD.la
8、unched11.A.idealisticB.supportiveC.unsympatheticD.advisable12.A.depictedB.definedC.determinedD.referred to13.A.thereforeB.moreoverC.neverthelessD.nonetheless14.A.energeticallyB.vigorouslyC.spontaneously D.promptly15.A.brutalB.urgentC.fierceD.emergent16.A.stood byB.strove forC.sought afterD.stuck to1
9、7.A.unrealisticB.practicalC.unreasonableD.practicable18.A.opposedB.advocatedC.rejectedD.approved19.A.timesB.hoursC.whilesD.periods20.A.againstB.toC.forD.withII Reading and Vocabulary:50 pointsText 1Tight-lipped elders used to say,It s not what you want in this world,but what you geto”Psychology teac
10、hes that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want theright things oYou can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house,andeach of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living.If weintend to have friends to din
11、ner,we plan the menu,make a shopping list,decide which food tocook first,and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served 0Likewise,if you want to find a job,take a sheet of paper,and write a brief account ofyourself.In making a blueprint for a job,begin with yourself,for when you
12、 know exactly whatyou have to offer,you can intelligently plan where to sell your services oThis account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should includeeducation,experience and references.Such an account is valuable.It can be referred to in fillingout standard application bl
13、anks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews.While talking toyou,your could-be employer is deciding whether your education,your experience,and otherqualifications,will pay him to employ you and your“wares and abilities must be displayed in anorderly and reasonably connected manner。When you h
14、ave carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires,you havesomething tangible to sell.Then you are ready to hunt for a job.Get all the possible informationabout your could-be job.Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm.Keep youreyes and ears open,and use your ow
15、n judgment.Spend a certain amount of time each day seekingthe employment you wish for,and keep in mind:Securing a job is your job now。1 .What do the elders mean when they say,It s not what you want in this world,but whatyou geto!A Ybu 1 1 certainly get what you want。B It,s no use dreamingoC Ybu shou
16、ld be dissatisfied with what you have。DI It s essential to set a goal for yourself o2.A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as。(AJ an illustration of how to write an application for a jobB an indication of how to secure a good jobCJ a guideline for job descriptionDJ a principle for job evaluation3.According to the passage,one must write an account of himself before starting to find a jobb e c a u s e。A that is the first step to please the employerB that is t
