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1、定语从句考点运用基本概念： 定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词、充当定语的句子叫定语从句。因其功能相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。 先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 关系词:引导定语从句的词，也叫引导词。分为关系代词（who，whom，that，which，whose ,as）和关系副词(where，when，why)。关系词要在定语从句中作某个成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。 限制性定语从句：对先行词起修饰限定作用的定语从句。 非限制性定语从句：对先行词或主句起补充说明作用的定语从句，通常引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开 。备考方向语法填空常考点短文改错常考点写作常用句式1.关系代词wh
2、o, whom, whose, which, that, as的用法；2.关系副词where, when, why的用法；3.“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句。1.引导非限制性定语从句该用which而误用其他关系词(如that)；2.关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that的缺失；3.关系代词who, whom的错用；4.先行词是人或物时，关系代词who, which的错用；5.关系代词as的错用；6.关系副词和关系代词的误用；7.人称代词与关系代词的误用。1.As we all know ./As is known to all . “众所周知”2.As sb. pu
3、ts it .“按照某人所说的”3.such .as .“像这样的”4.the same .as ./the same as .“像一样的”5.one of the复数名词定语从句“中的一个”6.the only one of the复数名词定语从句“中唯一的一个” 7.由which引导的非限制性定语从句。., which .(which代替上文整句话，译为“这一点”)重点难点(一)who, whom, whose引导定语从句的用法1先行词是人，关系词在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that，关系词不可省略；关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，用whom/who/that，关系词可以省略。2先行词th
4、ose后常用who引导定语从句。3“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，如果先行词指人，用whom指代人且不能省略。4whose引导定语从句时，作定语，且不能省略。Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的同校同学成了好朋友。I have many friends to whom Im going to send post cards.我要寄贺卡给我的很多朋
5、友。The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.这家主要顾客是学生的校内商店，放假时关闭。点津：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution.汤姆是这些工程师中唯一一个想出解决方法的人。(二)that, which引导定语从句的用法1that引导定语从句既可指人又可指物，指人时通常可与who, whom互换，指物
6、时通常可与which互换。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。2定语从句中用that不用which的情况：(1)当先行词是all, any, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词或被它们修饰时。(2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。(3)当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时。(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。(5)当定语从句出现在which或who的特殊疑问句中时。(6)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另一个宜用that。(7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表
7、语时。(8)主句以here, there开头且先行词是指物的名词时。随堂练习1.Finally, the thief handed everything he had stolen.2.Thereseemstobenothing isimpossibletohimintheworld.3.Thereislittle Icandoforyou.4.This is the best book I have ever read.5.Thefirstplace theyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.6.We talked about the things and person
8、s we saw then.7.Lookatthemanandhisdog arewalkingupthestreet.8.He is the only person I want to see now.9.Who is the man is standing there?10.WhichistheT-shirt fitsmemost?3which引导定语从句(1)先行词为物。(2)which在从句中作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。4定语从句中用which而不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词用which而不用that。(2)关系代词前面有介词时，用which而不用tha
9、t。(3)先行词为that/those时，用which而不用that。She showed the visitors around the museum that/which was constructed three years ago.她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。Who is the man that is sitting on the rock smoking?坐在岩石上抽烟的那个人是谁？The boy
10、 was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much.这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。随堂练习1.I still remember the day I first got to Paris.2.She heard a terrible noise， brought her heart into her mouth.3.That is the book I borrowed from the library. 4.Is there anything is not expensive which we ca
11、n buy for her as a gift?(三)as引导定语从句的用法关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。1as引导限制性定语从句时常用于下列句式：(1)其中关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。(2).such as .凡是的人(或事物)，所有人(或事物)其意义相当于everything that, all those, those that (who)等。as引导定语从句并在从句中担当成分，定语从句修饰先行词such。Take such as you need.你需要什么就拿什么。You may choose such
12、as you prefer.你可挑选自己想要的东西。2关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：as意为“正如，正像”，引导的非限制性定语从句既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而which意为“这件事，这一点”，引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代整个主句的内容。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.像在我们车间使用的这样的机器是中国制造的。Tom has made great progress, which makes his parents very happ
13、y.汤姆取得了很大进步，这使他父母很高兴。“There is no such thing as a free lunch，” as the old saying goes.正如老话所说的那样：“天下没有免费的午餐。”1.Hemarriedher, wasnatural.2.Heishonest, wecansee.3. isknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.4.Heisfromthesouth, wecanknowfromhisaccent.5.John, youknow,isafamouswriter.6.The air quality in the
14、city, is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months7.HehasbeentoParistentimes, Idontbelieve.8.Iveneverheardsuchstories hetells.9.Heisnotsuchafool helooks.10.Thisisthesamedictionary Ilostlastweek.11.Sheworethesamedress heryoungersisterwore.(四)关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句的用法1when引导定语从句关系副词when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。2where引导定语从句(1)在定语从句中作地点状语。(2
