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1、摘要改革开放以来我国的扶贫开发工作取得了举世瞩目的成就，农村贫困人口从1978年的2.5亿人减少到了2016年底的4335万人。虽然我国扶贫工作取得了很大成就，但由于扶贫对象规模大，基础差，相对贫困问题凸显，因病、因灾致贫返贫现象时有发生，贫困地区尤其是集中连片特困地区发展相对滞后，扶贫开发任务仍十分艰巨。在这种情况下，国家提出了针对不同贫困区域环境、不同贫困农户状况，运用科学有效程序对扶贫对象实施精确识别、精确帮扶、精确管理的精准扶贫概念。精准扶贫的核心就是针对贫困人口的不同个体情况，分析贫困产生的具体原因，按照因地制宜、因户施策、因人施策的原则制定相应的脱贫措施。随着精准扶贫、精准脱贫方略
2、的深入实施，因病因灾致贫返贫的问题日益突出，资料显示，我国农村贫困人口中，因病致贫的占42，因灾致贫的占20，风险问题已经成为制约贫困人口脱贫的一大重要因素。而风险保障是保险的看家本领，是有效解决贫困人口抵御风险的手段，近年来，扶贫部门和保险监管部门通力合作，从农业保险、健康保险、民生保险、产业脱贫保险、教育脱贫保险等方面持续发力，大力推动保险服务精准扶贫，取得了明显成效，保险扶贫已逐渐成为政府解决因病返贫、因灾返贫这一难题的良方。近年来扶贫保险虽然获得了一定发展，但根据保险机构的统计数据显示，贫困人口的参保比例仍然较低。鉴于此，本文在文献回顾和分析的基础上，通过对国家扶贫开发工作重点县M县的
3、5个行政村，150户贫困户的调查，对M县农村贫困人口购买扶贫保险意愿进行了分析，找出影响因素，并提出相应对策。通过调查和分析可知，影响贫困人口购买扶贫保险的因素有：政府部门和保险机构对扶贫保险的宣传力度，贫困人口对保险的了解程度，保险机构的服务水平、政府的补贴水平。目前M县扶贫保险发展过程中存在的问题主要一是贫困人口投保基数小，保险公司经营成本高，政府补贴资金缺乏；二是贫困户投保过程中存在道德风险与逆向选择问题；三是保险赔付的价格监测成本过高；四是保险公司的宣传和服务还需提高。综合调查分析结果，针对M县扶贫保险发展的现状和特点，提出了以下对策建议：一是在政府主导的模式下，提高贫困户购买扶贫保险
4、的参与度和保险意识；二是制定科学合理的补贴标准；三是加强对扶贫保险的宣传力度；四是提高保险机构的服务水平；五是降低保险机构的运营成本，使扶贫保险可持续发展。六是统筹一部分扶贫资金用于扶贫保险的保费补贴，解决资金制约。关键词：精准扶贫，扶贫保险，影响因素AbstractSince the reform and opening up, Chinas poverty alleviation and development has made remarkable achievements. The rural poor population has dropped from 250 million i
5、n 1978 to 43.35 million by the end of 2016. Although great achievements have been made in poverty alleviation work in our country, due to the large scale of poverty, poor foundation and the problem of relative poverty is highlighted, the causes of poverty due to illness and natural disasters have oc
6、curred from time to time. However, the development lags behind in poor areas, especially the contiguous destitute areas, The task of poverty alleviation and development is still very arduous. Considering such circumstances, the state has put forward the concept of precise poverty alleviation aimed a
7、t precisely identifying, accurately helping, and accurately managing the targets of poverty-stricken people in different impoverished regional environments and the different conditions of poor peasants. The core of precise poverty alleviation is targeting the different individual poverty-stricken to
8、 analyze the specific causes of poverty, in accordance with local conditions, the policy of individual households, and policy making due to the development of appropriate anti-poverty measures.With the precise poverty alleviation and the precise implementation of the anti-poverty strategy, the probl
9、em of poverty and poverty caused by the illness and disaster has become increasingly prominent. According to the statistics, among the rural poor in China, 42% are poor because of illness, 20% are poor because of disaster. The risk problem has become a major factor constraining the poor from get thi
10、ng out of poverty. In recent years, the poverty alleviation departments and the insurance regulatory authorities work together from the aspects of agricultural insurance, health insurance, livelihood insurance, industrial poverty insurance, education out of poverty insurance and so on. In terms of s
11、ustained efforts and vigorous publicity of poverty alleviation by insurance services, remarkable achievements have been made. Poverty alleviation insurance has gradually become a recipe for the government to solve the problem of returning to poverty as a result of the disease and illness.In recent y
12、ears, although the poverty alleviation insurance has made some progress, according to the statistics of the insurance institutions, the percentage of insured persons in the poor population is still low. In view of this, based on the literature review and analysis, through the survey of 150 poor hous
13、eholds lived in 5 administrative villages in M county, which is the key county in poverty alleviation and development. This paper analyzes the willingness of rural poor to purchase poverty alleviation insurance in M county, identify the influencing factors, and propose appropriate countermeasures.Th
14、rough investigation and analysis, we can see that the factors influencing the poor people to buy poverty alleviation insurance are including: The publicity of poverty alleviation insurance by government department and insurance institutions, understanding of insurance by poor people, service level o
15、f insurance institutions and government subsidies.At present, the problems existing in the development of poverty alleviation insurance in M county are mainly that the base of impoverishment for the poor is small, the operating cost of insurance companies is high, and the funds of government subsidi
16、es are lacking. Second, there are moral risks and adverse selection problems in insuring for the poor households. Third, The cost of monitoring the cost is too high; Fourth, The advocacy and services should be improved by insurance companies According to the results of comprehensive investigation and analysis, the following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward in view of the status quo and characteristics of poverty alleviation insurance develop
