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1、WordEffect of a superheating and sub-cooling heat exchanger to t Energy44(2022)996e1004 ContentslistsavailableatSciVerseScienceDirect Energy journalhomepage:/lo cate/energy Effectofasuperheatingandsub-coolingheatexchangertotheperformanceofagroundsourceheatpumpsystem KadirBakirci*,DeryaColak1 Departm
2、entofMechanicalEngineering,AtatrkUniversity,25240Erzurum,Turkey articleinfo Articlehistory: Received15November2022Receivedinrevisedform13April2022 Accepted20April2022 Availableonline7June2022Keywords: GroundsourceheatpumpGroundheatexchangerColdclimateHeating SuperheatingSub-cooling abstract Theaimof
3、thisstudyistoevaluatetheeffectofasuperheatingandsub-coolingheatexchanger(SHCHE)totheperformanceofgroundsourceheatpumpsystemforclimaticconditionofErzurumhavingcoldclimateinTurkey.Forthispurpose,anexperimentalset-upwasconstructed.Theexperimentalapparatusconsistsofaseriesgroundheatexchanger(GHE),aliqui
4、d-to-liquidvaporcompressionheatpump,watercirculatingpumpsandothermeasurementequipments.Inthisstudy,theperformanceofthesystemswithandwithoutSHCHEwasexperimentallyinvestigated.Theexperimentswereperformedin2022forJanuaryandFebruarywhicharethecoldestmonthsoftheheatingseason.Theexperimentallyobtainedresu
5、ltswereusedtocalculatethepowervaluesofthemainsystemequipments,thecoef cientofperformanceoftheheatpump(COP)andtheoverallsystem(COPS)forsystemswithandwithoutSHCHE. 2022ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved. 1.Introduction Turkeysdemandforenergyandelectricityisincreasingrapidly.Turkeyisheavilydependentonexpens
6、iveimportedenergyresourcesthatplaceabigburdenontheeconomy.Aswouldbeexpected,therapidexpansionofenergyproductionandconsumptionhasbroughtwithitawiderangeofenvironmentalissuesatthelocal,regional,andgloballevels.Withrespecttoglobalenvironmentalissues,Turkeyscarbondioxide(CO2)emissionshavegrownalongwithi
7、tsenergyconsumption.Stateshaveplayedaleadingroleinprotectingtheenvironmentbyreducingemissionsofgreenhousegases.Inthisregard,renewableenergyresourcesappeartobeoneofthemostef cientandeffectivesolutionsforcleanandsustainableenergydevelopmentinTurkey.Turkeysgeographicallocationhasseveraladvantagesforext
8、ensiveuseofmostoftheserenewableenergysources1. Infuturetheworldsenergysupplymustbecomemoresustainable.Thiscanbeachievedbothbyamoreef cientuseofenergyandbyrelyingonrenewablesourcesofenergy,particularlywind,hydropower,solarandgeothermalenergy2.Turkeyisan *Correspondingauthor.Fax:904422360957.E-mailadd
9、ress:abakirciatauni.edu.tr(K.Bakirci).1 Presentaddress:Directoryofthe12thRegionofHighways,25080Erzurum, Turkey. 0360-5442/$eseefrontmatter2022ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.04.049 energyimportingnationwithmorethanhalfofourenergyrequirementsmetbyimportedfuels.Airpollutionisbe
10、comingasigni cantenvironmentalconcerninthecountry.Achievingsolutionstoenvironmentalproblemsthatwefacetodayrequireslong-termpotentialactionsforsustainabledevelopment.Forthegovernmentsorsocietiestoattainsustainabledevelopment,muchefforthastobedevotedtoutilizingsustainableenergyresourcesintermsofrenewa
11、bleenergies3,4. TheGSHP(groundsourceheatpump)isoneoftheef cientandsustainablemethodstoprovidespaceheatingandhotwaterforvariouskindsofbuildings.TheGSHP,worksbymeansofthevaporcompressioncycle,whichcoolsacirculating uidthat owsthroughasystemofclosedloops.Theseloopsareburiedwithinthegroundeitherhorizont
12、ally,iflandspacepermits,orverticallybymeansofboreholes.Thedirectionofheat owisfromthegroundtothecooler uidandthisheatisupgradedtoahighertemperaturethroughthevaporcompressioncyclefordeliverytothebuilding5.Thegroundsourceheatpumpsprovideanewandcleanwayofheatingbuildingsintheworld.Theymakeuseofrenewabl
13、eenergystoredintheground,providingoneofthemostenergy-ef cientwaysofheating.Theyaresuitableforawidevarietyofbuildingtypesandareparticularlyappropriateforlowenvironmentalimpactprojects6. Intheliterature,anumberofinvestigationshavebeencon-ductedbysomeresearchersinthedesign,modelingandtestingoftheGSHPsystems7e18.HealyandUgursal8haveinvestigated - 5 -
