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1、Word2022年英语专业八级真题完整答案及详细解析word版 TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2022) GRADE EIGHT TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will
2、 not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE wor
3、ds. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture. Classifications of Cultures According to Edward Hall, different cultures result
4、in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures. I. High-context culture A. feature - context: more important than the message - meaning: (1)_ i.e. more attention paid to (2) _ than to the message itself B. examples - personal space - pre
5、ference for (3)_ - less respect for privacy / personal space - attention to (4)_ - concept of time - belief in (5)_ interpretation of time - no concern for punctuality - no control over time II. Low-context culture A. feature - message: separate from context - meaning: (6)_ B. examples - personal sp
6、ace - desire / respect for individuality / privacy - less attention to body language - more concern for (7)_ - attitude toward time - concept of time: (8)_ - dislike of (9)_ - time seen as commodity III. Conclusion Awareness of different cultural assumptions - relevance in work and life e.g. busines
7、s, negotiation, etc. - (10)_ in successful communication 参考答案： (1) context of message (2) whats happening / the context (3) closeness to people (4) body language (5) poly-chronic (6) message itself (7) the message (8) mono-chronic (9) lateness (10) great influence / significance TIPS： (1) 依据原文中一句“A
8、high-context culture is a culture in which the context of the message, or the action, or an event carries a large part of its meaning and significance.”可知答案。 (2) 依据原文“What this means is that in a high-context culture, more attention is paid to whats happening in and around the message than to the me
9、ssage itself.”可知答案。 (3) 依据原文“Generally speaking, in a high-context culture, because this greater dependency on group thinking, people lean towards heavier sense of involvement or closeness to people.”可得出答案。 (4) 依据原文“And also people from a high-context culture pay attention to body language.”可得出答案。 (
10、5) 依据原文“People in high-context cultures, are considered to have, what is called a poly-chronic attitude toward time.”可得出答案。 (6) 依据原文“A low-context culture is one in which the message, the event or the action is a separate entity, having meaning onto itself, regardless of the surroundings or the cont
11、ext.”可得出答案。 (7) 依据原文“And youll also see that people might pay less attention to body language, because as I said, the message is, the message is everything.”可得出答案。 (8) 原文提到在low-context culture中，人们对时间的态度可称为mono-chronic。 (9) 依据原文“People in a low-context culture would be much more upset with lateness,
12、because they feel that everyone should follow the same time.”可得出答案。 (10) 依据文章末尾部分“If youre in business, negotiations, interpersonal relations, if youre dealing with people from different cultures in any way, its going to affect every part of your life. In any multi-cultural situation, these assumpti
13、ons need to be taken into account for successful interactions.”可知，在商务活动、谈判、人际交往中，与来自不同文化的人打交道时，这些想法对胜利的交际起着特别重要的作用。 script: Classifications of Cultures Good morning, everyone! Today, well look at culture or rather classifications of cultures. Usually, when we deal with different people, we deal with
14、 them as if we were all members of the same culture. However, its possible that people from different cultures have different assumptions about the world. We got in such important and basic ideas as time, personal space. And this is the view of Edward Hall. And Edward Hall is an anthropologist who s
15、pent a large part of his life studying American Indians, their culture, their language. But he was different from a lot of other anthropologists who just study one culture. He was interested in the relations between cultures, how cultures interact. What Hall believes is that cultures can be classified by placing them on a continuum, ranging from what he
