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1、本文格式为Word版,下载可任意编辑高考冠词语法专题 冠 词 一、冠词的定义 冠词是一种虚词,不能独立使用,只能用在一个名词前,扶助说明这个名词的含义。英语中冠词有两种,一种是定冠词(The Definite Article),一种是不定冠词(The Indefinite Article)。(有人把不用冠词的处境叫“零冠词”) 定冠词the与this, that同源,意义接近于this, these, that或those,但指示意义较弱。它在辅音前读/e?/,在元音前读/ei/,在更加强调或单读时读/ei:/,例如: Li Ming is the /ei/ author of the /e?
2、/ book.李明是该书的。 不定冠词与数词one同源,有“一个”的含义,它有两种形式:a和an。 a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,an用在以元音音素开头的词前,例如: She is an honest /?nist/ student.她是一个忠诚的学生。 There is a house near the river.河边有所房子。 二、不定冠词的用法 1. 冠词a和单数可数名词连用,有类指作用,即指某类人或事物,不需翻译。 A dog is intelligent.(= Dogs are intelligent.= The dog is intelligent.) 狗是聪明的。 I like
3、a child我热爱小孩。 A big family is hard to support大家庭难支撑。 2. 复数可数名词也有类指作用: Dogs are intelligent I like children Big families are hard to support 3. 用于首次提到的对话任何一方不知道的人或物, 表泛指,即同类中任意一个,有“一个”或“某个”的意思: A dog is coming I see a child I have to maintain a family He is a teacher They call him a fool There is a m
4、an standing in the river. An old cock is sitting in a tall tree. 4.不加冠词的不成数名词,表类指,即某类东西: I am fond of milk Air is important to animals Honesty is the best policy John hates darkness 5.表示单位,有“每一”的意思,用于速度、价 格、频率等,可换用“per”,但“per”显得较为专业。 The cloth is 10 yuan a metre.这布每米10元。 He can walk 100 kilometres a
5、 day.他一天能走100公里。 6.在确定处境下也可修饰不成数名词,表示特殊含义。 1)与物质名词连用可表示: (风、雨等)“一阵;一场”。 Air is invisible but we can feel its motion when there is a wind. 空气是看不见的,但有风时我们能感觉到它在滚动。 Early in the day or after a rain you can find the air is much fresher. 在清早或下雨之后,你会察觉空气要崭新得多。 (酒、饮料等)“一份;一种;一片”。 A coffee,please.请来一杯咖啡。 Af
6、ter a dark cloud comes a clear sky.乌云过后是晴空。 He received a (good) education.他受到过良好教导。 You should buy a (kind of) medicine to treat your wound. 你该买点药治治你的伤。 2)与抽象名词连用可表示: “一种”或“一类”。 He feels it a pleasure to help others. 他把扶助别人看作是一种乐趣。 “You dont understand,” said Joe, a cruel light shining in his eyes.
7、 “你不懂。”乔说,眼睛里闪着凶狠的光。 (某动作的)“一次”。 Why not have a try? 何不试一试? You must be tired from the long flight. Please take a rest today 长途飞行您确定累了,今天就请好好休息吧。 动词的“同源宾语”名词前一般也用不定冠词。 She slept a peaceful sleep and dreamed a good dream. 她睡了一个踏实的觉,做了一个好梦。 Under the leadership of the Party, we are living a happy life
8、. 在党的领导下,我们现在过着幸福的生活。 当抽象名词被赋予特指含义时(即抽象名词概括化),前边可用不定冠词,表示一个人的特性或具有某种特征的概括事物。 It came as a surprise that the Boss had dismissed his secretary. 没想到老板把他的秘书给开除了。 The newly-built National Stadium or the Birds Nest is a great success. 新建的国家体育馆鸟巢,是个巨大的告成。 7.一些表示重量、长度、时间等的词组中,不定冠词使用更加普遍,例如: a pair of shoes,
9、 a hundred, twice a week, at a blow, at a stretch, one at a time, a handful of, in a word, at a glance 8.用于某些固定词组 a few, a little, a lot , a couple of a large number of大量 as a rule通常;循例 for a while一会儿 in a minute立刻 a great deal of大量 a large amount of大量 a large quantity of大量 all of a sudden突然 as a ma
10、tter of fact其实 have a word with与说句话 in a sense从某种意义上说in a word简言之;总之 make a decision作出抉择 make a fool of sb.愚弄某人 at a loss茫然;不知所措 do ab. a favor帮某人一个忙 have a gift for对有天赋 have an effect on对有影响 keep an eye on照看;留神 make a dive for向扑去 make a fortune发财 make a difference有影响;起作用 make a promise许下诺言 pay a vi
11、sit to对举行访问等等。 9.一日三餐breakfast, lunch, supper前一般不用冠词,当前边有形容词而表示“一顿、一次”等意思时,就要加上冠词a来表示“一顿?的午饭、晚饭”等: have lunch /supper He is very fat and often has a big supper. 10.“a most +形容词”布局中,most不含有对比的概念,只用来加强语气,是“极”“很”“分外”的意思,相当于very。而“the most形容词”表示“最?”,如: a most important thing很重要的事 the most important thin
12、g最重要的事 Lesson 3 is a most difficult lesson, but it isnt the most difficult lesson in Book II. 11.序数词前加不定冠词a,表“另一个”或“又一个”。不表依次,侧重在原有根基上量的增加。 Would you like a second cup of tea? a second cup of tea 等于 another cup of tea. The author will modify the manuscript a second time. 要对那部书稿举行其次次修改。 12.专著名词前用不定冠词
13、有两种可能: 表示某姓名的某人或和好像的人或地方: A Mr. Smith was in charge of the laboratory. 负责测验室的是一位叫史密斯的先生。 He wishes to be an Edison.他梦想成为像艾迪生那样的人。 Only a Lu Shun could have written that. 只有鲁迅那样的作家才能写出那样的作品。 There doesnt seem to be a Shenyang city in our province. 我们省犹如没有一个叫沈阳的城市。 表示某人的作品或某厂家的产品: I have a Van Gogh.我有
14、一幅梵高的画。 I bought a Underwood yesterday. 我昨天买了一台安德伍德牌打字机。 13.“of/at + a/an + 名词”布局中不定冠词的含义: 此布局中不定冠词表“同样的”=the same The children are of an age.这些孩子同龄。 No two men are of a mind.没有两个人是同一条心的。 Those boxes are of a size.那些盒子一样大。 虽然a和one都有“一”的意思,但意义不同: more than a year 一年多(不到两年) more than one year不止一年(两年、三年等) at a time每次;在同一时间 at one time曾经有一次 14.不定冠词在形容词、副词前后的位置关系: 冠词总是放在名词前面,若这个名词有形容词修饰,冠词通常放在形容词前面,若形容词前还有副词,那么冠词需放在副词前面,如: This is a cara good cara very good car He can answer the questionthe difficult questionthe most difficult question 名词前若有such, many或what, 冠词a应在其后面: I never met such