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1、 托福TPO27阅读Passage1原文文本+题目+答案解析 为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO27阅读Passage1原文文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。 Crafts in the Ancient Near East Some of the earliest human civilizations arose insouthern Mesopotamia,in what is now southern Iraq,in the fourth millennium B.C.E.In the second half ofthe millennium,in the sou
2、th around the city of Uruk,there was an enormous escalation in the area occupied by permanent settlements.A largepart of that increase took place in Uruk itself,which became a real urban center surrounded bya set of secondary settlements.While population estimates are notoriously unreliable,scholars
3、 assume that Uruk inhabitants were able to support themselves from the agriculturalproduction of the field surrounding the city,which could be reached with a daily commute.ButUruks dominant size in the entire region,far surpassing that of other settlements,indicatesthat it was a regional center and
4、a true city.Indeed,it was the first city in human history. 一些最早的人类文明是在公元前四千年前的南美索不达米亚出现的，现在这片区域处于南伊拉克。在后五百年，在乌鲁克城南方附近，被永久居留民占用的地域在大幅度增长。大部分的增长都发生在乌鲁克城内，使其成为了一个真正的中心诚区，并被一些后续的定居点环绕着。虽然人口估计数通常是不可靠的，但学者们认为乌鲁克居民可以通过日常与周围地区的通勤，得到周围地区产的农业产品以自给自足。但乌鲁克在整个地区最大，远远超过了其它居民点，这说明它是这个地区的中心，是一个真正的城市。事实上，它是人类历史上的第一个
5、城市。 The vast majority of its population remained active in agriculture,even those peopleliving within the city itself.But a small segment of the urban society started to specialize innonagricultural tasks as a result of the citys role as a regional center.Within the productivesector,there was a grow
6、th of a variety of specialist craftspeople.Early in the Uruk period,theuse of undecorated utilitarian pottery was probably the result of specialized mass production.In an early fourth-millennium level of the Eanna archaeological site at Uruk,a pottery styleappears that is most characteristic of this
7、 process,the so-called beveled-rim bowl.It is arather shallow bowl that was crudely made in a mold;hence,in only a limited number ofstandard sizes.For some unknown reason,many were discarded,often still intact,andthousands have been found all over the Near East.The beveled-rim bowl is one of the mos
8、ttelling diagnostic finds for identifying an Uruk-period site.Of importance is the fact that it wasproduced rapidly in large amounts,most likely by specialists in a central location. 绝大部分人依然从事农业活动，甚至包括城市居民。但由于该城市是区域的中心，其中的一小部分人开始全心从事非农业工作。生产方面，专业工匠的多样性有了增长。在乌鲁克时期早期，对未装饰的实用陶器的使用可能就是专业化大量生产的结果。在乌鲁克的发现
9、的四千年前早期的Eanna考古遗址中，有一种陶器刻画了这种专业化生产过程的特征，即所谓 为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO27阅读Passage1原文文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。 Crafts in the Ancient Near East Some of the earliest human civilizations arose insouthern Mesopotamia,in what is now southern Iraq,in the fourth millennium B.C.E.In the second half ofthe millenni
10、um,in the south around the city of Uruk,there was an enormous escalation in the area occupied by permanent settlements.A largepart of that increase took place in Uruk itself,which became a real urban center surrounded bya set of secondary settlements.While population estimates are notoriously unreli
11、able,scholars assume that Uruk inhabitants were able to support themselves from the agriculturalproduction of the field surrounding the city,which could be reached with a daily commute.ButUruks dominant size in the entire region,far surpassing that of other settlements,indicatesthat it was a regiona
12、l center and a true city.Indeed,it was the first city in human history. 一些最早的人类文明是在公元前四千年前的南美索不达米亚出现的，现在这片区域处于南伊拉克。在后五百年，在乌鲁克城南方附近，被永久居留民占用的地域在大幅度增长。大部分的增长都发生在乌鲁克城内，使其成为了一个真正的中心诚区，并被一些后续的定居点环绕着。虽然人口估计数通常是不可靠的，但学者们认为乌鲁克居民可以通过日常与周围地区的通勤，得到周围地区产的农业产品以自给自足。但乌鲁克在整个地区最大，远远超过了其它居民点，这说明它是这个地区的中心，是一个真正的城市。事实
13、上，它是人类历史上的第一个城市。 The vast majority of its population remained active in agriculture,even those peopleliving within the city itself.But a small segment of the urban society started to specialize innonagricultural tasks as a result of the citys role as a regional center.Within the productivesector,the
14、re was a growth of a variety of specialist craftspeople.Early in the Uruk period,theuse of undecorated utilitarian pottery was probably the result of specialized mass production.In an early fourth-millennium level of the Eanna archaeological site at Uruk,a pottery styleappears that is most character
15、istic of this process,the so-called beveled-rim bowl.It is arather shallow bowl that was crudely made in a mold;hence,in only a limited number ofstandard sizes.For some unknown reason,many were discarded,often still intact,andthousands have been found all over the Near East.The beveled-rim bowl is o
16、ne of the mosttelling diagnostic finds for identifying an Uruk-period site.Of importance is the fact that it wasproduced rapidly in large amounts,most likely by specialists in a central location. 绝大部分人依然从事农业活动，甚至包括城市居民。但由于该城市是区域的中心，其中的一小部分人开始全心从事非农业工作。生产方面，专业工匠的多样性有了增长。在乌鲁克时期早期，对未装饰的实用陶器的使用可能就是专业化大量生产的结果。在乌鲁克的发现的四千年前早期的Eanna考古遗址中，有一种陶器刻画了这种专业化生产
