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1、【演讲者及介绍】Amane Dannouni数字市场专家，BCG的Amane Dannouni探讨了技术如何影响既定的商业模式，以及数字赋能器如何释放更大的经济和社会价值。【演讲主题】“在线市场”如何帮助当地经济，而不是伤害当地经济？How online marketplaces can help local economies, not hurt them【中英文字幕】翻译者Joyce He 校对者Wanting Zhong00:14In February 2013, my wife and I moved to Singapore. Exactly at the same time, Ub
2、er has announced it started operations in the country. Now, my wife and I agree on a lot of things, but using Uber was definitely not one of them. While I was excited about the technology and how maybe we dont need to own cars anymore, she felt that every Uber car is here to steal jobs from taxi dri
3、vers. And Sarah was not the only one. 2013 年 2 月， 我和妻子搬去了新加坡。 与此同时， Uber（优步）宣布 在新加坡开始运营。 我和我妻子在很多事情上 都保持一致的态度， 但使用 Uber 绝不是其中之一。 我对这项科技感到兴奋不已， 认为它可能意味着 我们以后再也不用养私家车了， 她却认为每一辆在这儿的 Uber 都在从当地出租车司机手里抢工作。 莎拉（我妻子） 并不是唯一 一个这么想的人。 00:48As the Ubers, Airbnbs and Amazons of the world - what we call online ma
4、rketplaces - as they started expanding their presence, we have heard, all of us, countless policymakers worried about how to deal with these new risks of job destruction, lower wages and tax leakage. Weve also heard company leaders worried about aggressive competition from global platforms eating up
5、 their local businesses. And on the rational level, of course I understand. After all, this is basic supply and demand economics. If, in any market, you dramatically increase supply, you should expect prices, profitability and growth to go down for existing players. 当全世界的“在线市场” Uber (优步)，Airbnb (爱彼迎
6、)， Amazon (亚马逊) 等 开始拓展业务时， 我们所有人也能听到 无数的政策制定者 都在担忧如何应对 它们带来的新风险： 对就业市场的打击， 工资缩水，和税收下降。 我们也听说过公司领导人 担心这些环球平台带来的激烈竞争 会蚕食他们的当地企业。 从理性的角度讲，我当然能理解， 毕竟，这是经济学基本的 供需关系模型。 如果你在任何一个市场 大幅增加供给量， 那么市场价格、收益率 和经济增长对于现有参与者来说 就会相应下降。 01:32But in my personal experience, Ive also seen the other side of the story. Wher
7、e online marketplaces, like Gojek in Indonesia or Jumia in Africa, have helped their business ecosystems and the communities around them. The positive side I have seen demonstrated itself in a woman, a taxi driver in Egypt, that now had the opportunity to work without the harassment she faced in the
8、 taxi business. It demonstrated itself through a village in Kenya that got an economic boost, because the nearby beautiful but completely unknown lake is now becoming a national ecotourism spot. 但以我个人的经验来看， 我也见过与之截然相反的情况。 像印度尼西亚的 Gojek， 非洲的 Jumia 等在线市场， 实际上反而能帮助当地的 商业生态系统和周围的社区。 我所见到的积极一面 在一位女士身上体现了
9、出来。 她是埃及的一位出租车司机。 她现在可以有机会 在一个不会受到出租车行业 那样骚扰的环境下工作。 这种好的方面同时也在肯尼亚 一个取得经济增长的村庄中 得以体现， 因为当地附近的一个美丽 而又完全与世隔绝的湖泊 现在已经成为了一个 国家级生态旅游景点。 02:13Online marketplaces will continue to grow. And they will transform the way we shop, the way we travel and the way we transact with each other. So we really need to u
10、nderstand where is the truth between those two stories. Should we expect more of the bright side or more of the dark and worrying side? And is there a way to get the first without getting the second? I believe there is. 在线市场未来还会持续发展。 并且它们将会变革我们购物、 旅行 和与他人交往的模式。 所以我们现在需要弄清楚， 这两种故事，到底谁是真相。 我们应该期待好的一面会
11、发生， 还是觉得不好的、 引人忧虑的一面会发生？ 有没有可能只有好的一面会发生？ 我相信这种可能是存在的。 02:39As a strategy consultant, I study businesses for a living. And as a mathematician at heart, I couldnt live with something and its opposite being equally true. So, I went back to fundamentals, and I asked the question: What do online marketpl
12、aces really do? What do they do? 作为一名战略顾问， 我以研究商业模式谋生。 并且作为一名数学爱好者， 我无法忍受两个完全相反的事物 被认定为同样正确。 所以，我问了一个比较基本的问题： 在线市场究竟在做什么？ 它们在做什么？ 02:58Well, at their core, theyre doing something very simple. They match sellers and buyers. Thats it. For drivers and passengers, you get Uber, Grab in Southeast Asia or
13、 DiDi in China. For matching merchants and consumers, you get Amazon, Alibaba or Jumia in Africa. And for housing, you get Airbnb; for fundraising, you get Kickstarter - the list goes on. What all these examples have in common is that they transition this basic functionality of matching sellers and
14、buyers from the physical world to the digital world. And by doing so, they can find better matches, do it faster and ultimately, unlock more value for everyone. In fact, online marketplaces core benefit is that they get us more from the same amount of effort. 它们的核心原理 其实非常简单， 就是将卖家与买家进行配对。 就这么简单。 对于配
15、对司机和乘客， 我们有 Uber、东南亚的 Grab, 还有中国的滴滴。 对于配对商家和消费者， 我们有Amazon (亚马逊)， 阿里巴巴，和非洲的 Jumia。 对于租房，我们有 Airbnb (爱彼迎)； 对于筹款，我们有 Kickstarter 诸如此类。 而这些例子的共同点就是 他们将配对买卖双方 的基本功能 从实体世界转移到了电子世界。 通过这种方式， 他们能更好、更快地 配对买卖双方， 并且最终能让每个人 都得到更多价值。 事实上，在线市场的核心价值 就在于我们付出同等努力， 能从中获得更多回报。 03:52For example, if youre a taxi driver
16、in San Francisco and you decide to work 10 hours per day, then youre actually having a paying passenger in your car for four hours out of the 10. If you take the same car and put it on a platform like Uber, you can have paying passengers for an additional one and a half hours. This is the same car becoming 40 percent more productive. And the same has been proven true for other online marketplaces. By design, they create more
