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1、 非谓语动词 语法讲解I.非谓语动词时态、语态形式对照表： 及物与不及物 语态类别 时 态 vt. vi.主动语态被动语态 主动语态ing 一般式一般式:(与谓语动词同与谓语动词同时发生时发生)makingbeing madegoing完成式完成式:(先与谓语动词先与谓语动词之前发生之前发生)having made(不作定语）不作定语）having been made(不作定语）不作定语）having gone(不作定语）不作定语）ed只有一般式只有一般式:(不强调时不强调时间先后，只说明原因、间先后，只说明原因、条件等条件等) made(表被动表被动） gone(表完成）表完成）inf一般式
2、一般式:(与谓语动词与谓语动词(几几乎乎)同时发生同时发生)to maketo be madeto go 完成式完成式:(先与谓语动词先与谓语动词之前发生之前发生)to have madeto have been madeto have gone进行式进行式:(在谓语动词动在谓语动词动作发生时正在进行作发生时正在进行)to be making to be going2. 2.非谓语动词在句中可作的语法成份非谓语动词在句中可作的语法成份 成份类别主主语语宾宾语语表表语语定定语语宾宾补补 状状 语语时时间间条条件件原原因因目目的的结结果果方方式式让让步步伴伴随随不定式现在分词过去分词动名词 1.非
3、谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等语、表语、定语、状语等.v1.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. v2.I want to see you.v3.I want him to see you. v4.My hope is to see you.v5.He is the man to see you.v6.Im glad to see you.v7.I went to see you.v8.He went so early as to see you（作主语）（作主语）(作宾
4、语）作宾语）（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）（作定语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）（作结果状语）v1.Swimming is his favourite sport. v2.He enjoys swimming. v3.I found him swimming in the river. v4.His favourite sport is swimming.v5.He is the man swimming in the river just now. v6. Swimming in Summer ,we can get cool.(作
5、主语）作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）(作宾补）作宾补）(作表语）作表语）(作定语）作定语）(作状语）作状语）v1.This cup is broken. v2.This is a broken cup. v3.I found the cup broken.v4.Broken by Tom, the cup cant be used.v过去分词一般不作主语、宾语.(作表语作表语(作表语）作表语）(作宾语补足语）作宾语补足语）(作状语）作状语）v3.分词的用法比较vA.在时态上v1.China is a developing country =a country which is developing
6、.v2.Japan is a developed country =a country which has developed.v3.I found him gone. =that he had gone.(表完成）ing分词表分词表“进行进行”ed分词表分词表“完成完成”B.在语态上，在语态上，ing分词表分词表“主动主动”，ed分词表分词表“被动被动”（多为及物动词）（多为及物动词）v1.I saw him writing a short novel. =that he was writing a short novel.v2.He was reading a novel written
7、by Charles Dickens. =which was written by Charles Dichens.在概念上，ing.表“抽象抽象、习惯”,不定式表“具体具体、偶然、将来”. *Swimming (抽象）抽象）is my favourite sport and I like swimming(习惯）习惯）every day, but I dont like to swim(具具体）体）today, I would like to swim(将来）将来）tomorrow.C.分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，只分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，只能用作状语能用作状语.vThe platf
8、orm having been built will be used to perform on. v1.The platform built will be used to perform on. The platform which has been built will be used to perform on. v2. Having given her opinion about the building, she left the meeting. Having been used for a long time, the computer needs repairing. 作定语
9、作状语D.ed+主句（不强调时间先后）主句（不强调时间先后）;Being ed+主句（强主句（强调主句和从句动作同时发生）调主句和从句动作同时发生）;Having been ed+主句主句（强调时间先后）如不强调时间先后可用（强调时间先后）如不强调时间先后可用ed,一般式来代一般式来代替替. v1.Used as a means of traffic in China,the bike is very useful. Written in simple English, the book is easy to readv2. Being used by me now,the bike cant
10、 be lent to you.v3. Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing. Having been told several times, 可以写成=Told several times,he couldnt understand what I meant. 4.非谓语动词的用法区别非谓语动词的用法区别不定式和动名词作宾语的区别：不定式和动名词作宾语的区别：v.下列动词常用不定式作宾语下列动词常用不定式作宾语： aim ,ask, dare ,appear, arrange ,demand, help, hesi
11、tate, pay, plan, wait, fail, seek, prepare, happen, mean, prove, expect, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree, choose, promise, pretend, manage, care, determine, afford等。 如：He offered to help us . I didnt expect to find you here They refused to accept his invitation The little boy pretend
12、ed to be asleep when his mother came in(2)下列动词通常用下列动词通常用ing形式作宾语形式作宾语：vadmit, report, appreciate, deny, explain, mention, resist, stand, stop, imagine, recall, suggest, mind, finish, enjoy, keep, practise, miss, avoid, delay, excuse, escape, consider, advise等。等。如 ：1）Would you mind my smoking here ?
13、2） The girl was told to practise playing the piano for three hours every day 3）Good news keeps coming. Tina suggested spending the weekend on her farm (3)下列动词接不定式与接下列动词接不定式与接ing形式意义相近：形式意义相近：vlike，love, hate, dislike, begin, start, prefer，continue, intend，attempt等等. e.g：I prefer making (to make) an
14、outline before I do my oral composition We all like playing (to play) table tennisv但也有细微区别区别：v*指具体某次的行为常用不定式，指惯常的行为常用ing形式.v如：I like reading books of this kind(惯常行为)v I hate to say so，but really I cant go with you(具体某次行为)I prefer to stay at home today(具体某次行为) He prefers walking to cycling(惯常行为)*一般说来
15、不能用于进行时的动词如：realize，know，understand，see，lose等，多用不定式 如：I began to realize I had been wrong.We hate to lose the chance . Now we are beginning to see it more clearly. (4)下列动词接不定式与接下列动词接不定式与接ing形式意义不同形式意义不同：vstop to do 停下停下(正在做的事正在做的事)去做另一件事去做另一件事 / stop doing 停下正在做的事停下正在做的事e.g.：Seeing an old man carryi
16、ng a big bag, I stopped to help him Hearing the bell ,the students stopped playing and ran into the classroomvforget to do忘记做某事忘记做某事(此事未做此事未做)/ forget doing忘记曾做过某事忘记曾做过某事(此事已做此事已做) He forgot to post the letter when he walked past the post office Ill never forget seeing him for the first timevremember to do记得要做某事记得要做某事(此事未做此事未做)/ remember doing记得某事已做过记得某事已做过(此事已做此事已做) e.g.：I remember seeing her once somewhere You must remember to take your umbrella when you leave homevgo on to do继续做另一件事继续做另一件事 go
