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1、备战2022中考系列：英语2年中考1年模拟专题11 动词的语态解读考点动词的语态和时态一样，语态也是动词的一种形式，用来说明句中主语和谓语的关系。如果动作由主语执行，就可使用主动语态，如果主语不是由主语执行，主语是动作的承受者，那么可使用被动语态。由此我们可以看出英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者，什么事情被主语做。被动语态的构成和形式被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成，一定要记住是及物动词。助动词必须与主语的人称和数一致，注意要与我们前一讲学过的八个时态配合使用。直击考点语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的
2、接受者为被动语态。被动语态2) 被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者，某些短语动词如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被动语态。 The children were taken good care of by her. 【注意】短语动词中的介词或副词变成被动语态时不可遗漏。3) 主动语态变为被动语态要加“to的情况假设宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。此类动词为感官动词，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look a
3、t, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如： The teacher made me go out of the classroom. I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). 【名师点睛】一、重点1 .被动语态的构成：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。(1)一般现在时的被动语态：am(is ,are) + 动词过去分词Rice is grown in China .中国出产大米。(2)一般过去时的被动语态：was(were) + 动词过去分词Thes
4、e photos were taken last year .这些照片是去年照的。(3)含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be + 动词过去分词This car can be mended in an hour .这辆小汽车一小时就能修好。2 .主动语态变被动语态的方法：(1)把主动语态的宾语提前变为被动语态的主语。(2)把主动语态的谓语动词变为被动结构。但时态应保持一致，但人称和数的形式取决于被动语态的主语。(3)把主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，有时可以省略。二、难点(1)被动语态的用法(即何时用被动语态)。(2)主动语态变被动语态的方法(怎样变)。三、考点(1)一般现
5、在时的被动语态。(2)一般过去时的被动语态。(3)含有情态动词的被动语态。(4)将主动语态的句子变为被动语态。有关动词的语态在历年各地中考题中约占3分左右。四主动语态改成被动语态方法把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；2. 谓语动词变为be+及物动词的过去分词，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；3主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。有时by的短语可以省略；例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce eve
6、ry week .五、被动语态的用法：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned everyday.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year.3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages.4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Many m
7、ore trees will be planted next year.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often.6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.My bike is being repaired by Tom now.7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词There are tw o books to be read. There are
8、 twenty more trees to be planted.六、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1. 不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well. This new book sells well.3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。例：make somebody do somethingsomebody
9、+ be +made to do something see somebody do so methingsomebody +be +seen to do something The boss made the little boy do heavy work.The li ttle boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。He gave me a book.A book was given to me by him. He showe
10、d me a ticket.A ticket was shown to me by him.5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。We cant laugh at him. He cant be laughed at by us.2年中考2022年题组1【2022年福建省莆田市中考】 - - Do you know if Tom_ to Lilys birthday party last Sunday? - Sorry, Ive no idea.A. is invited B. was invited C. invited2.【2022年湖北省
11、恩施州中考】Nobody knows when the stone bridge _ , because there is no record about it.A. has built B. was built C. built3.【2022年江苏省淮安市中考】Last March, many trees _ along the streets to make our city more beautiful.A. were planted B. were plantingC. had plantedD. planted4【2022年江苏省徐州市中考】The Second Youth Olym
12、pic Gamesin Nanjing on the sixteenth of August, 2022. A. will hold B. will be held C. was held D. is holding5.【2022年江苏省盐城市中考】ShenzhouX, Chinas fifth manned spacecraft, _into space on June 11. 2022. A. has sent B. was sent C. will send D. is sent 2022年题组1.【2022年广东省初中毕业生学业考试英语试题】- Have you heard of th
13、e song Little Apple? A.is played B.playsC.was played D.played2【广州市2022年初中毕业生学业考试英语试题】Many houses _ by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless. A. damaged B. were damaged C. were damaging D. are damaged 3.【湖南省益阳市2022年中考英语试题】Claudia, are you going to Mikes birthday party on Sunday?Aa
14、m invited Binvited Cwas inviting4.【江西省2022年中等学校招生考试英语试题卷】You cant wear shoes inside this place. It_.A. doesnt allow B. isnt allowedC. hasnt allowed D. wasnt allowed5.【重庆市2022年初中毕业暨高中招生考试英语试题A卷】 How clean your car is! -Thank you. It _ very often.A. is washedB. washesC. was washedD. washed6.【2022年福州市初
15、中毕业会考、高级中等学校招生考试英语试题】Dont smoke here, Dad. Smoking _ in public places.Oh, sorry. Ill stop right now.A. isnt allowed B.arent allowedC. doesnt allow7.【山东省泰安市2022年中考英语试题】-Lily, will you go to Jennys birthday party this Saturday? -Im not sure. Because I so far. A. have invited B. wasnt invited C. have b
