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1、-阅读理解之推理题及猜测词义辅导讲义主 题阅读理解之推理判断及猜测词义教学内容一、 命题方式及解题技巧A推理判断题既要求考生透过文章外表文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求考生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的开展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。这类试题常以如下句式提问：What can you conclude下结论from this passageWhats the authors attitude态度towards？Which statement is (not) true What can you infer from the passage？ 推断题出题陷
2、阱： 文章中没有提及，纯属主观臆断。 是文章中的直接内容，不是根据推理得出的。 符合常识，但是不是文章所要表达的内容。与文章内容相反。解题技巧：做这类题要求考生在阅读的同时抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章构造，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进展符合逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步加强理解，抓住实质性的东西。如：A man, dressed as a countryman. was walking along the street of a large city. He was carrying
3、 a small parcel.It was wrapped up carefully.It had a name and an address on it.There was also some writing which said it had l,000- dollars inside. The countryman was looking this way and that. He was certainly looking for the house where he had to put the parcelA stranger, passing by, asked him wha
4、t he was looking for. The countryman showed his parcel. He asked him to read the address on it.I have forgotten it,he said.And I dont know how to read.Why!said the stranger, Thats my name and address. Its my parcel. Its from my old friend, Bob. He promised to send it to me a week ago.The countryman
5、looked pleased to hear this. Take it if its yours,he said. But you must give me si*ty dollars for my trouble.The stranger did so. The countryman then got on a passing bus. The stranger went to a quiet corner to look at the parcel. Inside it,there was nothing but some pieces of torn cloth.( ) (2) Wha
6、ts the feeling of the stranger A, Angry. B Regretful. C .Bad. D. Surprised.简析：这是一个推理判断题，它要求学生对文章进展仔细分析，才能作出合理判断。仔细看 完文章后知道文中的stranger拿了60美元换回了一个装满破布的包裹。当他看到这些破布时，他马上意识到他没有骗到乡下人的钱，反而被乡下人骗了，他那 时一定非常生气，对自己的行为感到懊悔，如选B，则没有理解文章的意思。如选 C或D,虽然也略微表达了一点stranger的心理状态，但毕竟没有A则贴切。B 词义猜测 常见的提问方式有这几种： What does the
7、underlined word mean The word probably means The underlined word can be replaced(代替) by 解题技巧： u 根据逻辑关系推测词义在文中的逻辑关系往往有：因果关系、类比关系、转折比照关系等。则在定位好猜测的词后，需要寻找上下文中是否含有一定的逻辑关系，因此要特别注意一些关键词：so，because，but，however，unlike，even if，and，also，instead等。例1：But be careful if youre short of time, Newcastle is a big pla
8、ce. So you should be prepared to kill a few hours on one of these buses.批注：根据上下文以及连词so，我们可以推断出两句话是因果关系，因为Newcastle是一个大的地方，所以准备好公交车上会花很多时间。因此这里的kill不是杀死的意思，而是spend度过的意思。例2：The government has taken action to deal with traffic jams, but the streets are still packed with cars and trucks.批注：这里的packed的意思根
9、据上下文是转折的关系，虽然政府已经采取措施来解决交通拥堵，但是街上还是挤满了车辆。因此这里的packed相当于crowdedu 根据定义来猜测词义：在文章中，往往有时候，作者会用一个短语或者一个从句来解释陌生的词，因此我们根据作者给出的定义或实例来猜测词的含义。我们应当特别注意这些词：for e*ample，like，such as，in other words等，以及定语从句。比方我们来看这样一个例子：例1：The scenes you see from the tourist train are film sets in the Universal Studios, one of the
10、oldest and largest movie companies in the USA.批注：句中的the Universal Studios其实不难理解，因为后面补充说到它是一个美国年代最长远的，最大的电影公司。例2：Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and human emotions and behaviour行为, are called psychologists.批注：句中最后一个词psychologist的含义，根据前面的从句，我们可以知道他们是研究人们的思想以及人类的感情和行为的。所以这样的人，我们叫做
11、心理学家。例3：John is very lazy, unlike his brother who is very diligent and works very hard.批注：本句中有一个重要的词unlike表示比照，John很懒，不像他的兄弟，则言下之意就是他的兄弟很勤奋。所以diligent的意思就是努力的，勤奋的。u 根据上下文推测词义例1：At first, people were afraid of eating tomatoes because they belong to a family of poisonous plants. One day, a brave man a
12、te the first tomato. People were surprised that he didnt die.批注：根据文章的意思，人们害怕西红柿，而且当一个人吃了第一个西红柿后，人们会惊讶他居然没有死。因此我们可以认为poisonous解释对安康有害的，会使人们丧生的。其实也就是有毒的意思。例2:Perhaps the only test score that I remember is the 55 when I was in high school.The test was the final for a course. I remember waiting an*iousl
13、y as my teacher Mr. Right passed out our papers one by one. It was a rather difficult test. I heard my classmates groaning, and I could tell by the groans that the scores werent looking good.l The word groaning is the closest in meaning to _.A. singing B. laughing C. complaining D. quarreling批注：根据上下
14、文的意思，这次考试的难度很大，而且教师一个个分发考卷，我听到我的同学都在groaning，我推测出大家的分数都不好。因此我们可以推测出这个词的意思是抱怨。 典型例题分析一. 推断题题型分析例1：We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didnt even lift her eyes from the book. Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down. While I watched mouth open in surpr
15、ise, Mum took off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop. She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up, Mum nodded and said, Very dirty floors. Yes, Im glad theyve finally decided to clean them, the nurse answered. She looked at Mum strangely and said, But arent you working late Mum just pushed harder, each swipe(拖一下)of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall. I watched until she
