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1、.西南政法大学硕士学位论文独创性声明本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作和取得的研究成果,除了文中特别加以标注和致谢之处外,论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果,也不包含获得 西南政法大学 或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。42 / 42.学位论文作者签名：签字日期：年月日.学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解 西南政法大学 有关保留、使用学位论文的规定。特授权 西南政法大学 可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索,并采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编
2、以供查阅和借阅。同意学校向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘。保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权说明.学位论文作者签名：导师签名：.签字日期：年月日签字日期：年月日.2.硕 士 学 位 论 文犯罪现场重建基本问题研究The Research on Basic Issues of Criminal Scene Reconstruction.作 者 姓 名：张礼.指 导 教 师：任惠华教授.西 南 政 法 大 学Southwest University of Political Science and Law3.犯罪现场重建基本问题研究内 容 摘 要犯罪现场重建不仅是对犯罪现场物质原貌的恢复,
3、或是一般意义上的现场分析、现场模拟和侦查实验,而是运用科学的手段和方法,重建犯罪现场的物质环境和犯罪行为过程,并结合合理的逻辑推论获得对案件中一系列犯罪情节的明确认知。作为一种分析案情和确定侦查方向的措施与手段,它能够增强刑事侦查的科技含量,促进物证本位侦查模式的形成。社会的进步与个体人的变化相辅相成,犯罪行为人 更新的作案技能和手段正在挑战社会管理水平和政府打击犯罪的决心,这就有必要在侦查活动中引入犯罪现场重建,提高侦查实力,以便更加科学地面对这一挑战,更加有效地打击犯罪以及保障人权。文章分为五个部分,全文主体共两万三千余字。第一部分是对犯罪现场重建一般理论的研究。从犯罪现场和重建的含义出发
4、,概括出犯罪现场重建概念；根据侦查实践中的偏差与不足,总结犯罪现场重建对案件侦查的现实意义；然后分析了犯罪现场重建显现和再现两方面的功能,以及在侦查、审判等诉讼活动中的价值；另外,对犯罪现场重建与犯罪重演、侦查实验以及现场分析的关系进行了阐述。第二部分是犯罪现场重建遵循的主要原则。犯罪现场重建要想具有准确性,必须建立在对物证及相关环境进行准确的科学检验的基础之上。这些检验工作必须系统地使用科学的方法。为了对物证检验结论进行准确的解释,必须使用逻辑和批判思维。这样,才能提高刑事诉讼的效率,契合公平正义的法治精神。按此思路,分别依次阐述了犯罪现场重建所遵循的科学性原则、系统性原则、逆向性原则和效益
5、性原则。第三部分是犯罪现场重建的基本依据。本论文将基本依据分为犯罪现场的物证和书证、犯罪现场勘验结论和访问情况两大类。又分别介绍了指印、作案手段和犯罪现场全貌痕迹、机械性损伤痕迹等痕迹类物证以及生物证据、涂料、玻璃、纤维、泥土等非痕迹类物证。第四部分是犯罪现场重建的基本步骤。按时间先后顺序依次为充分收集犯罪信息和证据材料、合理地做出推断和假设、全面地验证假设并修正、综合研判得出终局结论四1.西南政法大学硕士学位论文大步骤。第五部分是犯罪现场重建本土化应用的构想。笔者通过对犯罪现场重建的一般问题、主要原则、基本依据和基本步骤的分析,提出了四点具体建议。它们分别是法律上明确犯罪现场重建的地位、规则
6、上规范重建主体并设置准入标准、技术上推进数据系统建设提高科技含量、制度上要配套完备且保障充分。关键词：犯罪现场；现场重建；重建原则；重建依据；重建步骤；本土化应用2.犯罪现场重建基本问题研究AbstractCrime scene reconstruction is not only the original crime scene material recovery, or ageneral sense of on-site analysis, site modeling and detection experiments, but the use of themeans and method
7、s of science, and to rebuild the physical environment of the crime sceneand crime, combined with reasonable and logical inference to obtain a clear understanding ofthe case in a series of circumstances of the crime. As an analysis of the facts of the case and todetermine the direction of the investi
8、gation means that it can enhance the scientific andtechnological content of the criminal investigation, and promote the formation of evidencebased investigative mode. With the social progress and rapid economic development in China,the criminal means and criminal skills of the suspect have gotten gr
9、eater change than thetraditional. It is more necessary to introduce crime scene reconstruction in the investigationactivities,to improve the detection of strength in order to face this challenge more scientificand more effective in the fight against crime and the protection of human rights.This pape
10、r is divided into 5 parts, which has more than 2,3000 words in total.The first part is the basic theory of the crime scene reconstruction. Through the analysisof the representative concepts in crime scene reconstruction theory development process, itoutlines the basic concept of crime scene reconstr
11、uction, starting from the meaning of crimescene and reconstruction. According to deviations and shortcomings in the investigationpractice, it summarizes the practical significance of the case investigation of crime scenereconstruction; Then it analyzes the function of appearing and reproduction of c
12、rime scenereconstruction, as well as the value in the investigation, trial and litigation activities; Inaddition, it describes the relationship between a repeat of the crime scene and crimereconstruction, and investigative experiments as well as on-site analysis.The second part is the principles whi
13、ch must be followed in crime scene reconstruction.In order to have the accuracy, the reconstruction of the crime scene must be established on thebasis of accurate scientific examination of physical evidence and related environmental.These tests must be made in the scientific method systematically. I
14、n order to accuratelyexplain the meaning of evidence examination results, it must use logic and critical thinking.And it will improve the efficiency of the criminal proceedings, which corresponds to the spirit3.西南政法大学硕士学位论文of fairness and justice of the rule of law. By this way of thinking, respecti
15、vely it describes thescientific principles, systematic principle; reverse the principle and efficiency principles ofcrime scene reconstruction.The third part is fundamental basis of the crime scene reconstruction. In this paper, thefundamental basses are divided into three categories, which are traces, physical evidence,documentary evidence, the scene investigation and evidence examination conclusions,information from site visits. And respectively, it introduces fingerprints, bloodstains,footprints, bullet marks, traces of an
