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1、直接引语和间接引语（Direct Speech and Indirect Speech）2021/3/111 直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。例如：Mr Black said, “Im busy.” 布莱克先生说：“我很忙。”（直接引语）Mr Black said that he was busy.布莱克先生说他很忙。（间接引语）2021/3/1121 陈述句（Statements） 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that 引导（that 在口语中常省略），从句中的人
2、称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作响应的变化。在这一方面，汉语和英语有许多相似之处，因此在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时，要特别注意句子的意义。2021/3/1131) 人称的变化(1) He said, “I like it very much.” He said that he liked it very much. （2） He said to me, “I broke your CD player.” He told me that he had broken my CD player.2021/3/1142) 时态的变化一般现在时 一般过去时 He said,”Im afr
3、aid I cant finished the work.” He said that he was afraid he couldt finished the work.现在进行时 过去进行时He said, “Im using the knife.” He said that he was using the knife.现在完成时 过去完成时She said, “Ive not heard from him since May.” She said that she had not heard from him since May.2021/3/115一般过去时 过去完成时He said
4、, “I came to help you.” He said that he had come to help me.过去完成时不变 He said, “I had finshed my homework before supper.”He said that he had finshed his homework before supper.一般将来时 过去将来时She said , “ Ill do it after class.”She said that she would do it after class.2021/3/1163) 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 thi
5、s that（这个那个） She said, “Ill finsh the work this morning.” She said that she would finsh the work that morning. these those（这些那些） He said, “These books are mine.” He said that those books were his. now then（这时那时） He said, “ Its nine oclock now.” He said that it was nine oclock then. 2021/3/117today t
6、hat day（今天那天） He said, “I havent seen her today.” He said that he hadnt seen her that day. yesterday the day before（昨天前一天） She said, “ I went there yesterday.” She said that she had gone there the day before.2021/3/118tomorrow the next/following day（明天第二天）She said, “ Ill go there tomorrow.”She said
7、that she would go there the next / following day.ago before（以前）She said, “He left 30 minutes ago.”She told me that he had left 30 minutes before. 2021/3/119here there（这里那里）He said, “My sister was here one week ago.”He said that his sister had been there one week e go（来去）She said, “Ill come here this
8、 evening.”She said that she would go there that evening.2021/3/11102 疑问句（Questions） 直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序（主语在谓语前面），句末用逗号，主语的人称、时态和状语等也要作相应的变化。2021/3/1111一般疑问句：直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if引导。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked。没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语（me, him或us等）。如：He asked, “Are you interested in E
9、nglish?”He asked (me) if I was interested in English.He said, “Did you see him last night?”He asked (me) whether I had seen him the night before. 2021/3/1112特殊疑问句：直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导。并且变疑问语序为陈述语 序，改问号为句号。引述的动词常用ask, want to know, wonder 等。如：“What can I do for you?” he asked meHe asked (m
10、e) what he could do for me. 2021/3/1113He asked, “Where does she live?”He asked where she lived.Mary asked him, “Why do you always come so late?”Mary wanted to know why he always came so late.2021/3/1114注意：以Shall I /we或Will/Would/Could开头的疑问句变为间接引语时，往往要根据意思灵活转述。表示请求、劝告时，常用“ask+宾语+不定式”，即：ask sb. to do
11、 sth.表示提出帮助时，常用“offer+不定式”，即：offer to do sth. e.g. “Will you help me with my homework?” he asked Richard. He asked Richard to help him with his homework. “Shall I bring you some tea?” he asked me. He offered to bring me some tea.2021/3/11153祈使句（Imperatives） 转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思
12、加上tell, ask, order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加not。即：tell/ask/order sb.(not) to do sth.例如： She said to us, “Please sit down.” She asked us to sit down. 。 He said to him, “Go away!” He ordered him to go away. 2021/3/1116 Mother said to me, “ Come back before 10: 00.” Mother told me to come back before 10:00
13、. He said, “ Dont make so much noise, boys.” He told the boys not to make so much noise. 2021/3/1117注意：（1）直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.” He said that light travels much faster than sound. “A friend in need is a friend indeed,” Mother said to me.Mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed. 2021/3/1118(2 ) 如果在当地转述，here不必改为there，动词come不必改为go。如果在当天转述，yesterday，tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。 2021/3/1119
