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1、高中重点语法-定语从句【考点】对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1 定语从句的功用和结构；2 关系代词和关系副词的功用；3 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法；【精讲】一. 定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语
2、从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：I dont like people who talk much but do little.2. 作宾语：She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.3. 作定语:关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：Whats the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?4. 作状语Ill never forget
3、the day when I first came to Beijing.三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：The person who broke the window must pay for it.2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：A dict
4、ionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：Ive read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：This is the house where we lived last year.四. 关系代词 whom， whi
5、ch 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. 五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定
6、代词时。例如： All that he said is true. (2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。例如：This is the best book (that) I have read this year.(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：
7、He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2. 只能用which，不用that 的情况：(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如：The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.高中重点语法之-状语从句状语从句主要有：(九种)时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、目的、（结果、方式、比较、） 一、时间
8、状语从句1.常见关联词1）. 基本类包括before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, once, as soon as 等。 如：Did anyone call when I was out? 我不在家时谁来过电话吗?We have known each other since we were children. 我们从小认识。Youll feel better after you take the pills. 吃完药丸后你会感到好一些。Make sure that all the lights are off before you
9、go to bed. 睡觉前一定要关灯。Dont promise him anything till weve had time to think about it. 在我们有时间考虑之前别答应他什么。2）. 句型类包括no soonerthan, hardlywhen；scarcelywhen等。如：I had no sooner closed the door than somebody knocked. 我刚把门关上就有人敲门。Hardly were the words utteredwhen he began to regret them. 话刚说出口他就开始后悔了。2.考点1）. w
10、hen，while，as显然都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法区别非常大。 a)、when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。 Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already？（get为短暂性动词）你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？ Sorry，I was out when you called me（call为短暂性动词） 对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。 Strike while the iron is hot（is为延续性动词，表示一种持续的状态） 趁热
11、打铁。 The students took notes as they listened（listen为延续性动词） 学生们边听课边做笔记。 2)、till、until、not.until的用法The boy didnt smile until he saw his motherNot until he saw his mother did the little boy smile.It was not until he saw his mother that the little boy smiled.Until he saw his mother, the little boy didnt
12、 smile.3)、表示“一.就”的连词1、once, as soon as; hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner.than; the minute; the moment; the instant; immediately; directly; instantly都表示“一.就”4）It is/has been +时间段+since从句（一般过去时）5）while ：1当时候；2，然而；3，尽管，虽然单选练习：1.“ youre there,can you get me some stamps?” A.as B.while C.because D.if2. Its
13、 almost three years_I last saw her. A. since B.when C.that D. after二、地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where, wherever，anywhere, everywhere引导,地点状语从句常置于主句之后。至于句首，常用逗号隔开，表示强调作用。Where I live，there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方树很多。 Wherever I am，I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。三、原因状语从句 引导词：because, since, as和for 1bec
14、ause语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题；他可以与强调词only 和just连用；他可用在It is .that.强调句中I didnt go, because I was afraid.2当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。Since有既然的含义，as引导的原因状语从句，若强调时还可以倒装。Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.Hard as he studied, he passed the test with ease.四、条件状语从句 连接词主要：if, u
15、nless, as/so long as, on condition that、suppose(that)/ supposing (that), providing/provided(that), in case等。.1. 条件状语从句中时态的用法1) 一般现在时表将来Unless I am free, I wont take you to the park.2) if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。If I were you, I would go with him.3)主句和条件从句的时态关系 I apologize if I you, but I assure you it was unintentional. A.offend B.had offended C.should have offended D.might have offended2
