《英语四六级语法解析》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语四六级语法解析（24页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、英语最新四六级语法解析 想要学好英语四六级怎么能不知道根本语法呢?下面就为大家讲解一下。 四级考试新题型虽然取消语法和词汇题型，但在仔细阅读的选词填空题、完型填空题/改错及翻译题变相考察考生的语法知识。因此，语法仍是不可无视的重要局部。考察比例：语法局部约占40%，词汇局部约占60%，而且多有穿插。总的来说语法题主要有以下考点： 1.虚拟语气。强调说话人的主观愿望和假想情况。考生应着重复习能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词(如lest,incase, otherwise等);一局部表示建议、主张、命令、紧要等概念的词语，由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望，其后的主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句往
2、往采用 “should+动词原形”;虚拟倒装句;在wouldrather,wish,asif,itstimethat等句型中使用适当形式表达主观愿望;混合虚拟句。 2.主谓一致。这类考题灵活性大，需要根据实际情况判断谓语动词的单复数形式。一局部具有生命意义的集合名词做主语时谓语动词多采用复数形式，如people,poultry,militia等;用and连接的成分表单一概念时谓语动词用单数;就近原那么：主语中含有某些连词(如aswellas,besides,inadditionto等)时，谓语动词的数同第一个主语保持一致。 3.倒装构造。表示强调或突出，分为全部倒装和局部倒装。那些否认词(组)
3、、介词短语能引起倒装句，局部倒装和全部倒装有和区别，as在倒装构造中的用法及意义等等，都是考生应当重视的地方。 4.非谓语动词。这是词汇与构造考试中语法局部的重中之重，解题时可以从三个方面入手：根据非谓语动词同其所修饰的名词或逻辑主语的一致关系，确定使用主动语态或被动语态，然后考虑采用现在分词、现在分词被动式或过去分词;非谓语动词同主句谓语动词动作发生的先后关系。动作正在进展的用现在分词进展式，同时发生或不分先后发生的用现在现在分词一般式或过去分词;在主句谓语动词之前发生的用现在分词完成式、不定式完成式;发生在主句谓语动词之后的多用不定式一般式;表状态多用分词，表目的多用不定式。 5.独立主格
4、题。一般说来，在句子中没有连接词的情况下，逗号是无力连接两个句子的，其中一个分句要么是非谓语形式，要么是独立主格构造。这两种构造都做状语，不同的是独立主格构造有自己的逻辑主语。 6.时态。英语中一共有16个时态，最常用的5个时态是一般现在时、现在进展时、一般过去式、一般将来时和现在完成时。四级考试中出现最多的考点是将来完成时、现在完成时、过去完成时和完成进展时。针对这一题型，考生首先要抓住的就是时间状语，是现在时间、将来时间还是过去时间?是短暂时间还是延续性时间? 7.名词性从句。形容词性的定语从句是考核的重点，用什么引导词，引导词前面的介词形式，引导词在从句中做什么成分(做宾语、主语还是状语
5、等)，从句的语序等等均有可能成为考点。此外，主语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句也应适当复习。 动词(时态,语态,短语动词,省略,一致性等) 1. 时态 1)现在完成进展时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚完毕. Ive been writing letters for an hour. Ive been sitting in the garden. 2)过去完成进展时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进展的动作 Id been working for some time wh
6、en he called. We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came. 3)将来完成进展时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进展的动作. By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years. In another months time shell have been studying here for three years. 4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事. I shall h
7、ave finished this one before lunch. Theyll have hit the years target by the end of October. 2. 语态 1) 可以有两种被动构造的类型,例如: He was said to be jealous of her suess. It was said that he was jealous of her suess. 能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,sa
8、y,suppose,understand等. It is supposed that the ship has been sunk. The ship is supposed to have been sunk. 担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如: Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制) 2) 双宾语及宾补构造的被动语态 a) 双宾语构造的被动语态: 双宾语构造变为被动语态时,可以把主动构造中的
9、一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保存在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语. He was asked a number of questions at the press conference. Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations. b) 宾补构造的被动语态: She was called Big Sister by everybody. Then he was made a squad leader. He was considered quite qualified for the job. T
10、he room was always kept clean and tidy. 3. 短语动词 1) Vi + adv The plane took off two hours late. 2) Vi + prep They looked round the Cathedral. 3) Vi + prep (有被动语态) Shes looking after her sisters children. The children were always well looked after. 4) Vi + adv + prep I began to look forward to their v
11、isits. 5) Vt + O + adv Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children. The children were brought up by their mother. They took him on. 6) Vt + adv + O (无被动语态) I am trying to give up smoking. 7) Vt + O + prep We talked Donald into agreement. 4. 省略 1) 在以as, than, when, if, unless等引导的从句中
12、的省略: 在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一局部(特别是动词be)省略掉. a) Look out for cars when crossing the street. When taken aording to the directions, the drug has no side effects. If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful. Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting ca
13、pacity. This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong. Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and pletely wiped out. She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry. She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health. Fill in the application as instructed. Whenever known, such
14、facts should be reported. The documents will be returned as soon as signed. He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young. Once having made a promise, you should keep it. b) If necessary Ill have the letter duplicated. Fill in the blanks with articles where(
15、ver) necessary. If possible, I should like to have two copies of it. As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy. 2) 在以than a) 或 as b) 引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略. a) He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary. We should think more of the collective than of ourselves. b) They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did). He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.
