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1、名师归纳总结 精品word资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -中学英语语法归纳复习：被动语态重难点：把握八种常见时态的被动语态，并能依据不怜悯形，敏捷运用被动语态；【学问总结归纳】一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态；二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换WeVisited that factory last summer主动语态主语谓语宾语状语That factory was visited by us last summer被动语态主语谓语宾语状语三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时am / is / ar
2、e + P.P.一般过去时was / were + p.p.现在进行时am / is / are +being +p.p.过去进行时was / were + being + p.p.（1） ） Do they speak French .（2） ） They don t use the room .（1） ） The hunter killed a tiger .（2） ） He wrote many stories last year .（1） ） These workers are building a new bridge .（2） ） He is mending his car .（1
3、） ） He was selling books .（2） ） They were discussing the plan at that time .Is French spoken by them .The room isn t used by them .A tiger was killed by the hunter .Many stories was written by him last year .A new bridge is being built by these workers .His car is being mended by him .Books were bei
4、ng built by him .The plan was being discussed by them at that time .现在完成时（ 1） She has learnedMany English words have been learned by her . 第 1 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -名师归纳总结 精品word资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -have / has + been + p. p.many English words .（ 2） He has finished the work .The work ha
5、s been finished by him .过去完成时had + been + p.p.一般将来时shall / will be + p.p.过去将来时would be + p.p.was/ were going to be + p.p.情态动词can / may / must / should+ be + p.p.（1） ） They has solved the problem .（2） ） We had told him the news by then .（ 1） I shall make a plan .（ 2） They are going to fix the radio i
6、n an hour .（1） ） He told me they would paint the room .（2） ） They were going to put on a play the next week .（1） ） We should hand in our homework .（2） ） You must answer the question in English .The problem had been solved by them .The news had been told to him by us .A plan will be made by me .The r
7、adio is going to be fixed by them in an hour .He told me the room would be painted by them .A play was going to be put by them the next week .Our homework should be handed in by us .The question must beanswered in English by you .四. 如何正确使用被动语态1. 有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后
8、面；需要留意的是：如把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“ to ”；eg. He often tells us interesting stories .（主动语态）We are often told interesting stories by him .（被动语态）Interesting stories are often told tous byhim .常带双宾语的词有：tell , show , lend , pass等；2. 在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to 被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to 仍要
9、仍原；eg. I often hear her sing this popular song .（主动语态）宾语宾语补足语复合宾语 第 2 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -名师归纳总结 精品word资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态） 有这种用法的常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等；3. 有些“ be + 过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后
10、由过去分词来充当表语）；”比较：（ 1）The door is closed. 门是关着的； 系表结构 The door is closed by Fengping .这个门是由冯平来关的； 被动语态 The glassis（ 2）broken . 这个玻璃杯是坏的；系表结构 The glass was broken by Mary.这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏的 ；被动语态 4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+ 介词词组才可以有被动语态；eg.Great changeshave taken place in China .正确 Great changeshave been taken place i
11、n China . 错误 The dolphindisappeared inthe deepsea.正确The dolphinwas disappeared inthe deepsea.错误 【总结】一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be过去分词构成，be 随时态的变化而变化；以do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1 am/is/are +done 过去分词 一般现在时例 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done现在完成时例 Al
12、l the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start. 3） am/is /are being done现在进行时例 A new cinema is being built here4） was/were done一般过去时例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5） had been done过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasi
13、um had been completed in Beijing. 6） was/were being done过去进行时例 A meeting was being held when I was there. 7） shall/will be done一般将来时例 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8） should/would be done过去将来时例 The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 9） shall/will
14、have been done将来完成时（少用）例 The project will have been completed before July.2. 被动语态的特别结构形式1) 带情态动词的被动结构；其形式为：情态动词be过去分词； 例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍旧保留在谓语后面；通常变为主语的是间接宾语； 第 3 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -名师归纳总结 精品word资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 当“动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语”结
