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1、名师归纳总结 精品word资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -I. 定义:现在完成时用相应的连续性动词替换短暂性动词,句中谓语动词用现在完成时,时间状语为 “for或“since时间点 ”;如:He has been in the Green China for three years.时间段 ”1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果;2.也可以表示过去已经开头,一 直连续到现在的动作或状态II. 现在完成时的结构have/has+ done 过去分词 留意:表示短临时间动作的词,如 :come, go, die, marry , buy 等的完成时
2、不能与 for , since 等表示一段时间的词连用;用来连续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作,如 live , study, be, wait 等,常和 since(自从)或 for (经受)引导的词语连用;如: I have lived here for more than thirty years. 我已在此住了30 多年;III. 现在完成时的时间状语1. ever, never, twice( once) , so far(到目前为止), already (确定句), yet (否定,疑问句), just 刚刚 , before (以前), recently (近来)等词连用2. S
3、ince+ 时间点, for+ 时间段, in the past/last few years表示短临时间动作的词,如 :come,go, die, marry, buy 等的完成时不能与 for , since 等表示一段时间的词连用;用来连续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作,如 live , study,be, wait 等,常和 since(自从)或 for (经受)引导的词语连用;说明: already 与 yet 都有 “已经 ”的意思,但already 常用于确定句,并用于句中;yet 常用于否定句和疑问句,并用于句末;例如:I have already finished my ho
4、mework.I haven t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet. They have left. 他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里I have had my lunch. 我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿 I can t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.留意:1现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday, last week, three years ago等;2 不能与 when 连用IV. 现在
5、完成时的用法A 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调对现在造成的影想或结果);例如:The car has arrived.车子来了;(结果:车子已在门口)Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了;(结果:窗户仍破着)B. 表示过去已经开头,连续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻连续到现在(包 括“现在 ”在内)的一段时间的状语连用,如 for+ 时间段、 since+ 过去的时间点、疑问词how long 等;例如:My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.我叔叔在
6、这个工厂工作已经五年了; Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002.自从 2002 年 Mr. Black始终住在中国; How long have you been here. 你来这里多久了?He has been a member of the Green China for three years.他加入 “绿色中国 ”已经三年了;The old man died 4 years ago.- The old man has been dead for 4 years.He joined the Party 2 years ago.- He has
7、been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago.-I have had the book for 5 days.表示时间段的短语有:for+ 一段时间 for 2 years, since+ 从句 since he came here, since+ 时间点名词 since last year, since 5 days ago,how long; for a long time等;V. 现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区分1 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯表达过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事
8、情对现在的影响,强调的是影响;I saw this film yesterday. (强调动作发生的时间是yesterday ;)I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了;)2 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:ago, last week/.in 2021, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday,yesterday .then 那时 , that day, one day, once从前 现在完成经常和recently (近来),ever, never, twice, so far(
9、到目前为止) , since,for ,in the past/last few years , already(确定句), yet (否定,疑问句), just 刚 刚 , before(以前)连 用;现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时可表示连续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是连续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.VI. 比较have/has been to 、have/has gone to和 have been inhavehas been to.表示 “曾去过某地,已经从那里回来了 ”,可以和 ever、 never、twi
10、ce 等连用; havehas gone to 表示 “已经去了某地, 在去那里的途中或到达那里仍没有回来 ”;havehas been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间 ”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如: since, for, how long 等He went to Shanghai last week上周他去了上海He has been to Shanghai. 他曾经 到 /去过上海 .但他人现在确定不是在上海而是回来了He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了.或许刚动身动身,或许已经到了,或许仍在路上,反正他人不 在这里 Mr. Brown has been
11、in Shanghai for three days.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了 六过去分词1 、规章动词: 规章动词的过去分词的构成规章与规章动词的过去式的构成规章相同;四点变化规章:1 、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ;” work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited2 、以 “ e 结”尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ; ”live-lived-lived , 第 1 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -名师归纳总结 精品word资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3 、以 “辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,将y变
12、为 i,再加 “ ed;” study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried4 、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ; ”stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped2 、不规章动词:AAA型burst burst bursthurt hurt hurtlet let letcast cast cast 2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrowI have kept 不能用 have borrowed the book for quite a few days. 3、用 be 替
13、代 becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher. 4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用 wear 代替 put oncost cost costcut cut cuthit hit hitput put putb用 “be形容词 ”代终止性动词shut shut shutspread spread spreadsetset setread read readread 原形发音为 /ri:d/, 过去式和过去分词发音
14、为/red/AAB型 beat beat beatenABA 型become became becomerun ran runcome came come特别情形1、be married 代 marry 2 、be ill 代 fall get ill3、be dead 代 die 4 、beasleep 代 fall get asleep5、be awake 代 wake/wake up 6 、begone 代 lose,die,sell,leave7、be open 代 open 8、be closed 代 close/shut9、be missinggone,lost 代 loseABB 型c用“be副词 ”代终止性动词bring brought broughtbuy bought boughtbuild built built1“beon”代 start, begin2“beup”代 get upburn burnt burntcatch caught caughtdig dug dug3“bebackto代” return to, come back to, go back tofeel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found found4