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1、定语从句在阅读和写作中的运用 1对定语从句的掌握要落实到三个层面：一、认得出二、看得懂三、用得上2认得出：关键:找到主句，分离从句。但不管定语从句以哪一种形式出现，他们都有一个共同特点：那就是在一个核心名词的前面或后面。3一、定语从句的位置（一）从句在主句的前面例如:Asiswell-known,mancouldtlivewithoutwater.（二）从句在主句的后面例如:Thisisthehousewherehisfatherwasborn.4（三）放置在主句中例1:ThedaywhentheygotmarriedwasjustonFebruary14.5二、理解定语从句要注意:A.准确判
2、断定语从句所修饰的对象。由于定语从句与其所修饰的对象之间常有分割成分，而该分割成分中与定语从句紧挨着的名词常常会被误认为是定语从句的先行词。在理解上会造成障碍。因此遇到这种结构一定要根据上下文和常识进行判断。61.Thedaysaregonewhenwesufferedsomuch2.Therearemanypeopleontheplatformwhoarewaitingforthetrain3.Doyourememberoneafternoontenyearsago,whenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedanecklaceofyours?4.Atalltimesyou
3、mayfindthingshappeningwhicharehardtoexplain7B.要注意区分从句的层次。定语从句是最可能出现嵌套结构的。一句话中往往包括好几个定语从句，这些从句有时是相互并列的关系，有时是嵌套关系。理解句子的时候应注意区分。81、Thebossatlastgotachancetovisitthevillagewhereheusedtowork，whichhehadbeendreamingoffor20years.老板终于得到机会去访问他工作过的村庄，他一直梦想了20年。92、Americahasmorethanfiftystates，oneofwhich，Kentuc
4、ky，istheplacewhereAbrahamLincolnwasborn.美国有50多个州。其中之一的肯塔基州是林肯出生的地方。10三、找出阅读篇章中的定语从句,并理解这些句子。Lesson 3 Marco Polo111.Whenhewas17yearsold,hetraveledacrossEuropeandAsiawithhisfather,whowantedtodotradewiththeChinese.（L2)122.HewasveryimpressedbyBeijingandtheEmperorsPalace,especiallytheSummerPalacewhichhed
5、escribedasThegreatestpalacethateverwas.”(L13)133.TherewereinventionsanddevelopmentsinChinawhichwerenotavailableinEuropeatthattime.(L16)144.However,MarcowasluckyenoughtomeetanotherprisonerwhoenjoyedlisteningtohisstoriesaboutChina.(L27)155.TheprisonerthenwrotethestoriesinabookcalledThe Description of
6、the World,whichbecameoneofthebest-sellingbooksinEurope.(L30)166.Justbeforehedied,aged70,Marcowasaskedthequestion,“Wasitalltrue?”,towhichhereplied,“IhaveonlytoldhalfofwhatIsaw!”（L35)17读得懂：在认得出的基础上，理解含定语从句的句子。18关键：弄清楚逻辑关系，把各个从句剔出来单独理解，再灵活处理把大意拼凑起来，构成整个长句的意思，就可降低长句的理解难度，准确理解文意。19在理解含定语从句的句子时，一定要考虑到中英文的
7、表达习惯。常见的理解方式有以下几种：20一、前置法:把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。21Spaceandoceansarethenewworldwhichscientistsaretryingtoexplore.太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。22二、后置法:把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句。23单独把定语从句翻译出来的话，并重复先行词，还可以用代词代替先行词来重复。ItoldthestorytoJohn,whotoldittohisbrother.他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。24Theyworkedoutanewmethodby
8、whichproductionhasnowbeenrapidlyincreased.他们制定出一种新方案，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。25三、融合法:把定语从句和它所修饰的先行词结合在一起翻译。Thereisamandownstairswhowantstoseeyou.楼下有人要见你。26Adriverwhoisdrivingthebusmustnttalkwithothersorbeabsent-minded.司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。Heinsistedonbuyinganotherhouse,whichhehadnousefor尽管他并没有这样的需要，他坚持要再买一幢房子。
9、27Hewishestowriteanarticlethatwillattractthepublicattentiontothematter.为了引起公众对这一事件的注意，他想写一篇文章。Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.她对孩子们很有耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。28In our factory, there are many In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in people who are much interes
10、ted in the new invention.the new invention.在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。明很感兴趣。29实战演练301.Theyhadnoconnectionwiththeoutsideworldformorethanathousandyears,givingthemplentyoftimetobuildmorethan1000hugestonefigures,calledmoat,forwhichtheislandismostfamous.312、MywifeandItookthetrainfromParistoStras
11、bourg,whereweweremetbyourdriverandguide,andtheminibuswhichgoesalongwiththeboat.WestoppedoffinBarnforanhourontheway.ThenweretakentoNancywheretheboatwaskept.(优化设计P37)Wheredidtheauthorgetoffthetrain?A.ParisB.StrasbourgC.NancyC.Barn323、Steve Magellan, world-famous adventurer, has been missing for two da
12、ys. The man who flew around the world by himself in a balloon took off in a single-engine airplane from a private airport in Nevada.(优化设计P43)判断句子正误：SteveMagellanoftentraveledaroundtheworldwithsomeonescompany.333、He didnt file a flight plan, so exactly where he went is unknown. Searchers are looking
13、for him in a high desert, a 200 by 200 mile area with lots of ravines(沟壑）by air. “It would be very easy for a small plane like that to disappear for months,” said an officer from the Civil Air Patrol. The plane, like most small planes, did not have a “black box,” which sends out radio signals in eve
14、nt of a crash. A friend of Magellans said that he usually wears a watch that can send radio signals. But no signals were coming from that watch, if he was in fact wearing it.(.(优化设计P43-44)34WhichofthefollowingisNotadifficultyforthesearchers?A.Its unknown where he was going exactly.B.The shape of the
15、 place where Steve Magellan was missing was complicated(复杂的).C. Steve Magellan lost his watch which can send out radio signals.D.The plane had no machine sending out radio signals.35用得上：识别是理解的前提，理解是运用的根本。在语言学习中，运用才是王道。36定语从句在写作中的运用37常用句型一：由as引导的非限制性定语从句As we have known, Marco Polo was a great explor
16、er.常用句型二：由who或which引导的非限制性定语从句Marco Polo,who was an Italian, travelled all around China.38常用句型三：由who， whom， whose， where， when， why等引导的定语从句(包括限制性和非限制性定语从句Marco Polo traveled across Europe and Asia with his father, who wanted to do trade with the Chinese.39用定语从句翻译短语:1.一个出生在Italy的旅行家a traveller who was born in Italy2.作燃料的黑色的石头the black stones（which/that） people used to burn for fuel.3.欧洲所没有的发明the inventions which were not available in Europe404.大厅可轻易容纳6000人同时进餐的宫殿thepalacehallcaneasilyseat6000peop
