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1、学习必备欢迎下载语法复习一：定语从句（一）定义1)在复合句中（一个句子的某一成分由句子承当），修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句或形容词从句；在句中起定语的作用. 2)被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词antecedent 1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 先行词关系代词定语从句2) You must do everything that I do. 先行词关系代词定语从句(二)：关系代词的作用; 1.连接主句和从句。2.代表被修饰的先行词。3.在定语从句做一个句子成分。eg. This is the room which I lived
2、in last year. 先行词关系代词定语从句(三)：定语从句中有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as. 关系副词when, where, why 等引导定语从句。（四）：用关系代词还是用关系副词关系代词起代词的作用，关系副词起副词的作用，因此同样的先行词， 选用什么样的关系词，要由它在定语从句中担任的逻辑作用来决定。关系代词词行先行词充当成分who 人主、宾、表Whom 人宾That 人&物主、宾、表Which 物主、宾、表As 物主、宾精品p d f 资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -欢迎下载 名
3、师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品学习资料 - - -p d f 精品资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载Whose=of whomof which 人&物定语关系副词When=atinonduring which 时间状Where=atinto which 地点状Why=for which 原因状that 在口语中可以代替关系副词以上三者状表语 ：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be 之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语
4、等充当。在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语 。This is the place where we work. （vi.） (关系词所做的成分关键是有从句中的动词来决定的) This is the place which we visited. (vt. ) 做主语 The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves. 做宾语 The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school. 做表语 Jack is no longer the lazy
5、boy that he used to be. 做定语 She has a brother whose name I cant remember.做状语 The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.1.在定语从句中，that 和 which 用来指代物。eg：This is the story that /which we wrote for our storytelling contest. 2.在定语从句中，who 用来指代人。eg：I am going to see a friend who has just come back from the
6、 UK. 3.当 who 在定语从句中做宾语时，可以用whom 来取代，且whom 比 who 更正式。eg：I don t know the name of the teacher who/whom I saw in the computer room theother day. 4.当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，who，whom，which 和 that 可以被省略。精品p d f 资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - -
7、 精品学习资料 - - -p d f 精品资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载eg：He likes all the birthday presents(that/which)his friends gave him. 5.Whose 用来表示所属，它既可指人也可指物。eg：I sat next to a girl whose name was Diane. The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturdayafternoon.（五）：限制性定语
8、从句与非限制性定语从句的区别1二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词， 可以由关系代词 关系副词或that 来引导。 非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that 引导。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整标点从句和主句之间不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开关系代词指人 who (that) whom 指物 which (that) 人和物 whose 关系代
9、词在从句中作宾语时可以省去指人who （作主语）whom（做宾语）指物 which 人和物的 whose 关系代词一般不可省精品p d f 资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品学习资料 - - -p d f 精品资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载修饰从句只修饰一个名词或代词可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句翻译定语从句译在被修饰词的前面定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子
10、限制性非限制性形式上无逗号有逗号内容上先行词不是唯一的先行词是唯一的，定语从句可有可无。关系词可用 that ,why.作宾语可以省略不可用 that ,why。关系词一律不省。先行词名词或代词名词或代词，也可以使整个句子汉语翻译译作定语译成并列句（六）关系代词that 和 which 的区别 只能用 that 的情况(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none ，few.等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用 which 。例如：All the people that are pre
11、sent burst into tears. Everything that we saw was interesting. I m interested in everything that I dont know.All that is needed is a supply of oil. (2) 如果先等词被all ,little none any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用 that,不用 which. 例如： I read all the books that you gave to me. This is the only
12、 money that I have in my pocket. All the money that was collected was given to the Hope Project. 精品p d f 资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品学习资料 - - -p d f 精品资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载(3) 如果先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或者先行词是最高
13、级时，关系代词常用that,不用 which 。This is the first book that was written in English. This is the last factory that I visited. This is the best film that I have ever seen. This is the funniest thing that I ever heard. (4) 如果先等词被the only ,the very , the same ,the last 修饰，关系代词常用that,不用 which. This is the only b
14、ook that I really like. He was the only person in the office that was invited to the ball. (5) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。而不用who, which. 例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. (6)who ,which 开头的特殊疑问句中，关系代词用that.
15、Who is the person that is standing there? Which of us that knows English doesnt know this?which of the novel do you like best? (8) 先行词是奇数词或是序数词时，关系代词用that . Yesterday I caught two fish. Now you can see the two that are still alive in the basin of water. (9) 当主句“ there be “开头时，关系代词要用that 引导的定语从句修饰该句型
16、的主语。There are four desks in the middle of the office that are used for the teachers. 当先行词是 way 、moment 、time 等时用 that ，且常省略。Who 做先行词时，引导定语从句用that; 只能用 which 的情况1) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. 精品p d f 资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品学习资料 - - -p d f 精品资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载Bei jing , which is chinas
