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1、单击此处编辑母版副标题样式1汽车专业英语 Specialty English for Automobile 刘永刚 E-mail: Tel: 18696650900BodyBrakingEngineSuspensionSteeringPowertrainElectrical systemChassisChapter 1 Automotive BasicsWhats the main parts of an automobile?2Todays average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must w
2、ork that must work togethertogether. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: body, engine, chassis and electrical system。现在的车辆一般都由15000多个分散、独立且相互相互配合配合的零部件组成。这些零部件主要分为四类：车身、发动机、底盘和电气系统。Chassis：the base frame of a motor vehicle, carriage, or other wheeled conveyanceEngine：a machine wit
3、h moving parts that converts power into motion31.1 BodyAn automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood and a trunk deck built into it. It provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers and cargo. 汽车车身是一个包含窗子、车门、一个发动机罩、一个行李箱盖的金属薄壳。汽车车身为发动机、乘员和货物提供了保护。Hood：发动机罩 bonnet
4、软帽Trunk deck：行李箱盖 Trunk / boot：行李箱 靴子Baggage：行李 luggageCargo：货物 goods4The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, moderns appearance for the vehicle.汽车车身的设计还应该保证乘员的安全舒适。车身的造型（款式）使得汽车看起来漂亮迷人、色彩斑斓、时尚前卫。5Three points seatbelt in a car
5、Five points harness in a racing car铠甲 甲胄Airbag 6A sedan has an enclosed body with a maximum of 4 doors to allow access to the passenger compartment. The design also allows for storage of luggage or other goods. A sedan can also be referred to as a saloon and traditionally has a fixed roof. There are
6、 soft-top versions of the same body design except for having 2 doors, and these are commonly referred to as convertibles. 轿车车身为封闭式，轿车最多有4个车门，乘员通过车门进出。另外车身的设计还应考虑行李和货物的存放。传统的轿车都是硬顶车身。活顶乘用车（敞篷车）的车顶是软顶，车身设计与普通轿车类似，但只有两个车门。行李箱行李 =？发动机/发动机罩Trunk/bootLuggage/baggageEngine / hook / bonnet7The utility or pi
7、ck-up carries goods. Usually it has stronger chassis components and suspension than a sedan to support greater gross vehicle mass.皮卡一般用来运载货物。为能承载更大的总质量，皮卡的底盘部件和悬架比轿车更结实。utility / pick-up: 皮卡Gross vehicle mass：车辆总质量Curb weight 汽车整备重量8Light vehicle vans can be based on common sedan designs or redesign
8、s so that maximum cargo space is available.轻型货车一般是基于普通轿车设计的，或是重新设计使可用载货空间最大化。A van is a kind of vehicle used for transporting goods or groups of people. It is usually a box-shaped vehicle on four wheels, about the same width and length as a large automobile, but taller and usually higher off the gro
9、und, also referred to as a light commercial vehicle or LCV. However, in North America, the term may be used to refer to any truck with a rigid cargo body fixed to the cab, even up to large sizes.9The body of commercial vehicles that transport goods are designed for that specific purpose. Tankers tra
10、nsport fluids, tippers carry earth or bulk grains, flatbeds and vans are used for general goods transport.用于运输货物的商用车车身必须满足具体要求，例如运输液体的油罐车、运输泥土或散装谷物的自卸车、运输一般货物的平板车或货车。no sides or roof10Buses and coaches are usually 4-wheel rigid vehicles, but a large number of wheels and axles can be used. Sometimes
11、articulated buses are used to increase capacity. Buses and coaches can be single-deck or double-deck. Buses are commonly used in cities as commuter transports while coaches are more luxurious used for long distances.客车和长途汽车一般是有4个车轮的整体式车辆，也能配备更多的车轮和车桥。为了增加客车的载客量往往使用由铰链连接的客车。公共汽车和长途汽车有单层和双层两种。公共汽车一般用城
12、市内公共交通，而长途汽车一般用于长距离的旅行。11single-deck busdouble-deckerArticulated busCoach121.2 Engine13The engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a
13、spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the power train.发动机 / 内燃机 / 汽油 （点燃式）/
14、柴油（压燃式）/热力发动机/动力传动系发动机作为动力设备，常见的类型是内燃机，其原理是通过发动机缸内的液体燃料燃烧而产生能量。发动机可分为两类：汽油机（点燃式）和柴油机（压燃式），都属于热力发动机。燃料燃烧产生热量使缸内气体气压上升，从而产生能量，驱动与动力传动系相连接的轴旋转。14The way engine cylinders are arranged is called engine configuration. In-line engines have the cylinders in a line. The design creates a simply cast engine bl
15、ock. In vehicles applications, the number of cylinders is normally from 2 up to 6. Usually, the cylinders are vertical. As the number of the cylinders increase, the length of the block and crankshaft can become a problem. One way to avoid this is with a V configuration. The design makes the engines
16、block and crankshaft shorter and more rigid.发动机的布置即发动机气缸的排列方式。 发动机缸体按直线排列的即直列式，这种布置使得发动机缸体结构简单。汽车发动机一般为26缸，通常气缸是垂直放置的，但气缸数量的增加会导致缸体和曲轴的长度过大，解决问题的措施之一就是采用V型布置，这种布置方式可以使发动机缸体和曲轴长度尺寸更短，从而大大增加刚度。The four basic cylinder arrangements of a diesel or gas-burning engine are: cylinder-in-line; V-arrangement and Flat.15An engine located at the front can be mounted longitudinally and can drive either the front or the rear wheels. Rear engine vehicles have the engine mounted behind the rear wheels. The engi
