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1、动力传动系及齿轮和齿轮传动外文翻译动力传动系及齿轮和齿轮传动外文翻译 外文翻译 外文原文: PASSAGEA PowerTrain The power train serves two functions: it transmits power from the engine to the drive wheels, and it varies the amount of torqueThe power train includes:1.engine:that produces power;2.transmission:either manual or automatic;3.clutch:u
2、sed only on manual transmission, or torque converter.:used only on automatic transmission; 4.drive shaft:that transmits the power from transmission to differential;5.that carries the power to the two wheel axles.See Fig.5-1 Manual transmission The function of a manual transmission,shown in Fig.5-2,
3、is to transfer engine power to the drive shaft and rear wheels. Gears inside the transmission change the cars drive-wheel speed and torque in relation to engine speed and torque.This keeps the engines output matched as close as possible to varying road speeds and loads A manual transaxle,shown in th
4、e Fig.5-3.,is a single unit composed of amanual transmission, differential, and drive axles. Most front-wheel-drive(FWD) cars are equipped with a transaxle. Such transaxle are also found on some front-engined or rear-wheel-drive (RWD),four-wheel-drive(4WD)cars and on rear-engined and rear-wheel-driv
5、e cars A manual transmission requires use of a clutch to apply and remove engine torque to the transmission input shaft.The clutch allows this to happpen gradually so that the car can be started from a complete stop Manual transmission usually have four or five speeds, and often have “overdrive”, wh
6、ich means that the output shaft can turn faster than the input Shaft for fuel economy on the highway. When you use it, it will reduce theengine speed by one-third,while maintaining the same road speed Clutch Driving a car with a manual transmission, you depress the clutch, select a gear, and release
7、 the clutch while applying power to get the car to move. The clutch allows engine power to be applied gradually when a vehicle is starting out, and interrupts power to avoid gear crunching when shifting. Engaging the clutch allows powerto transfer from the engine to transmission and drive wheelDisen
8、gaging the clutch stops the power transfer and allowsthe engine to continue turning without force to the drive wheels Theclutch basic components are:the flywheel, clutch disk, pressure plate, release bearing and linkage. See Fig.5-4 Theflywheel is bolted to thecrankshaft of the engineIts main functi
9、on is to transfer engine torque from the engine to the transmission Theclutch disk is basically a steel plate, covered with a frictional material that goes between the flywheel and the pressure plate A pressure plate is bolted to the flywheelIt includes a sheet metal cover, heavy release springs, a
10、metal pressure ring that provides a friction surface for the clutch disk The release bearing is the heart of clutch operation. When the clutch pedal is depressed, the throw-out bearing moves toward the flywheel, pushing in the pressure plates release fingers and moving the pressure plate fingers or
11、levers against pressure plate spring force The linkage transmits and multiplies the drivers leg force to the fork of the clutch pressure plate. A mechanical clutch linkage usually consists of the clutch pedal, a series of linkage rods and arms, or a cableA hydraulic clutch linkage typically includes
12、 a clutch master cylinder and reservoir, a hydraulic line and a slave cylinder Automatic transmission Both an automatic transmission and a manual transmission accomplish exactly the same thing, but they do it in totally different ways. The key difference between a manual and an automatic transmissio
13、ns is that the manual transmission locks and unlocks and different sets of gears to the output shaft to achieve the various gear ratios, while in an automatic transmission, the same set of gears produces all of different gear ratiosThe planetary gear-set is the device that makes this possible in an
14、automatic Automatic transmissions are used in many rear-wheel-drive and four-wheel-drive vehicles. Automatic transaxles are used in most front-wheel-drive vehicles. The major components of a transaxle are the same as those in a transmission, except the transaxle assembly includes the final drive and
15、 differential gears, in additionto the transmission An automatic transmission receives engine power through a torque converter, which is driven by the engines crankshaftHydraulic pressure in the converter allows power to flow from thetorque converter to the transmissions input shaftThe input shaft d
16、rives a planetary gear set that provides the different forward gears, a neutral position, and one reverse gear. Power flow through the gears is controlled by multiple-disk clutches, one-way clutches, and friction bands. PassageB PowerTrain Torque Converter The key to the modern automatic transmission is the torque converterIt takes the place of a clutch in a manual transmission to send the power from the engine to the transmission input shaft. The torque converter offers the advantage of multipl
