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1、Module 9 Animals in dangerUnit 3Language in use第一页，共三十二页。RevisionPlease say a sentence about each animal.第二页，共三十二页。当我们要表示“想做某事、需要做某事或决定做某事”时，就会出现两个动词连用的情况，这时应如何表达(biod)呢？同学们自然会想到want to do sth., need to do sth.和decide to do sth.等表达方式。Presentation动词(dngc)不定式第三页，共三十二页。1. 什么(shn me)是动词不定式？主要行为动词后面的动词都采
2、用了“to+动词原形”的结构，我们把这种结构称为动词不定式（有时可以不带to）。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。下面我们一起来看一下动词不定式有哪些(nxi)语法功能。第四页，共三十二页。2. 动词(dngc)不定式的语法功能：1. 不定式作主语不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。e.g. It is good to help others.帮助他人是件好事(hosh)。 It is exciting to surf the Internet.上网是件令人兴奋的事。 第五页，共三十二页。2. 不定式作宾语 学习不定式作宾语时,要注意(zh y)
3、掌握后接不定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有: want, hope, wish, like, begin, try, need, forget, agree, help 等。Many people decide not to think about it. 许多人决定不去想这件事。 I want to go to the library.我想去图书馆。 第六页，共三十二页。3. 不定式作定语不定式修饰名词或代词，起形容词的作用，在句中作定语，放在被修饰对象的后面，请看下列(xili)句子：I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多作业要做。 Im hungry. Gi
4、ve me something to eat, please. 我饿了, 请给我点吃的吧。第七页，共三十二页。4. 不定式作状语 不定式常常作目的(md)状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不定式作状语时，要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。I came to Beijing to see my grandpa. 我来北京看望我爷爷的。Im glad to meet you！很高兴见到你！Im too tired to walk. 我太累了，走不动了。第八页，共三十二页。5. 不定式作补语不定式可以作补语，常见动词有：tell,ask, want,would like, hope, like
5、, advise, invite, allow, get等。 如：She told me to buy a ticket.她让我去买张票。不带to的不定式作宾补 动词不定式在使役动词（make，let， have）或感官动词（feel，listen to，hear， look at，see，watch，notice）之后作宾补时不定式需省去to。为了便于(biny)记忆，我们可以这样记“一感”（feel）、“二听”（listen， hear）、“三让”（let，make，have）、“四看”（look at，see，watch，notice）。例如： I felt someone open m
6、y door我感觉有人开了我的门。第九页，共三十二页。6. 不定式作表语不定式还可以作表语，如：Our duty today is to clean the floor.今天我们(w men)的任务是打扫地板。第十页，共三十二页。3. 不定式的语用功能(gngnng)1）表示“决定、计划、打算做某事”，如：We need to help the animals live in peace.我们要帮助动物生活(shnghu)在安全的环境里。Many people decide not to think about it.很多人决定不去想这件事。第十一页，共三十二页。这是同学们最熟悉的表达方式，再
7、如：hope to do sth., plan to do sth.和want to do sth.。我们会发现(fxin)，动词后面的不定式所表示的都是未来发生的事情。如果表示“决定不做某事，打算不做某事”，就可以采用decide not to do sth.和plan not to do sth.结构的句型。这种放在动词之后的不定式，表示决定和打算的行为，被称为动词宾语。第十二页，共三十二页。2）表示对某一行为的描述，如：It was interesting to learn about the Wolong Panda Reserve.了解卧龙大熊猫自然环境保护区的知识很有趣(yuq)。
8、Its sad to think about all those animals in danger.想起那些濒危动物让人很难过。第十三页，共三十二页。当我们要表示“做某事很重要”等类似概念时就可以使用包含(bohn)动词不定式的这个句型：It is to do sth. 如：It is important to build a nature reserve.建立一个自然保护区十分重要。It is good to get up early in the morning.早晨早起有好处。在这些句子中，it所指的正是不定式所表达的概念，it为形式主语，不定式为真正主语。第十四页，共三十二页。3）表
9、示一个人对某件事的态度，如：Are you surprised to find out that whales are in danger?发现(fxin)鲸处境很危险你感到震惊吗？当我们表示类似于“见到您很高兴”之类的意思时，可以采用sb. be glad/happy to do sth.的句型。如：He was happy to see them again.他为再次见到他们而感到高兴。第十五页，共三十二页。4）表示某一事或物的某种属性，如：Their water isnt good to drink他们的水不适宜饮用当我们要表达诸如“这个问题很难回答”、“这些(zhxi)苹果不好吃”之类
10、的意思时，一般可以采用sth. is +形容词+ to do的结构。如：This question is difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答。第十六页，共三十二页。5）计划、方案(fng n)、时间等名词后常用不定式，如：The government has made a new plan to help pandas.政府已经制订了一个保护大熊猫的新计划。不定式在句中作名词的定语。第十七页，共三十二页。6）表示目的，如：Our government is working hard to save pandas. 政府正在努力拯救大熊猫。在英语中如果(rgu)表示“做某事
11、是为了什么”时，就可以用动词不定式表示目的，称为目的状语。不定式可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾。如：To catch the early bus he got up at 5 oclock in the morning.为了赶上早班车，他早晨5点就起床了。第十八页，共三十二页。7）表示“可以派某种用场”这类意思,如:Many animals have no place to live in.许多动物没有地方生存。当要表示“可以居住的房间”、“可以食用(shyng)的东西”、“可以停车的地方”等类概念时，就可以用动词不定式，在这种句子中不定式作名词的定语。如：There is no place t
12、o park cars in this area.这里没有可以停车的地方。第十九页，共三十二页。8）表示(biosh)某事或物怎么样，如：The difficulty is to stop people killing them.最困难的是阻止人们猎杀它们。Your duty today is to send these letters out.你今天的任务就是把这些信都发出去。本句中不定式置于系动词后面，作表语，对主语进行补充说明。第二十页，共三十二页。1. Would you please tell me _ next? A. how to do B. what to doC. what
13、do I do D. how I should do 2. The girl wasnt _ to lift that bookcase.A. too strong B. enough strongC. strong enough D. so strong 一、单项选择(xunz)。Practice第二十一页，共三十二页。3. For a time his grandmother found _ accept his new idea. A. hard B. it hard C. it hard to D. it is hard to 4. As she has never been ther
14、e before, Ill have someone _ her the way. A. show B. to show C. showing D. showed 5. You _ drive slowly. The roads are wet.A. had rather B. would ratherC. had better D. would better 第二十二页，共三十二页。6. Nothing can make the brave soldier_ his country.A. turn against B. to turn againstC. to turn to D. turn
15、 to 7. In the old days it was difficult for the poor _ a job.A. find B. to find C. look D. to look for 第二十三页，共三十二页。8. When learning a foreign language, try our best _ the spirit of it.A. master B. hold C. take hold of D. to master 9. It was foolish _ his car unlocked. A. for him to leave B. of him t
16、o leaveC. for him leave D. him to leave 10. Remember _ the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. will put back 第二十四页，共三十二页。11. We all think it most foolish _ this mistake. A. for you making B. of you to make C. you to make D. for you to make 12. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still _. A. a good place which to be lived in B. a good place to live C. a good place to live in D. a good place to live for 第二十五页，共三十二页。13. You wer
