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1、12001 年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening thecorresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10
2、points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up peopleinvolved in prominent cases1the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor,will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments to witnesses4
3、and willstrictly control the amount of5that can be given to a case6a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee,Lord Irvine said he7with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not8sufficient control.9of the letter cam
4、e two days after Lord Irvine caused a10of media protest whenhe said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which13theEuropean Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain, lai
5、d down that everybody was15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to h
6、ave received payments for telling their stories tonewspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate theirstories in court to20guilty verdicts.1.Aas toBfor instanceCin particularDsuch as2.AtighteningBintensifyingCfocusingDfastening3.AsketchBroughCpreliminaryDdraft4.Aillogical
7、BillegalCimprobableDimproper5.ApublicityBpenaltyCpopularityDpeculiarity6.AsinceBifCbeforeDas7.AsidedBsharedCcompliedDagreed8.ApresentBofferCmanifestDindicate9.AReleaseBPublicationCPrintingDExposure10. AstormBrageCflareDflash11. AtranslationBinterpretationCexhibitionDdemonstration12. Abetter thanBoth
8、er thanCrather thanDsooner than13. AchangesBmakesCsetsDturns14. AbindingBconvincingCrestrainingDsustaining全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）真题第 1 页，共 39 页215. AauthorizedBcreditedCentitledDqualified16. AwithBtoCfromDby17. AimpactBincidentCinferenceDissue18. AstatedBremarkedCsaidDtold19. AwhatBwhenCwhichDthat20. Aassu
9、reBconfideCensureDguaranteePart II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each questions there are fouranswers marked A, B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer toeach of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER
10、SHEET 1 by blackening thecorresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation ofscientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units， one man could continueto handle the in
11、formation and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was onlyone of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication.Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals
12、and amateurs in science:exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotationthat the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular,may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth cent
13、ury, with itsconsequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateurparticipation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science basedespecially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of thedevelop
14、ment of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals notsimply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of whatconstitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century,
15、 local geological studiesrepresented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies haveincreasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the widergeological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue l
16、ocal studies in the oldway. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder foramateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first bynational journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in thetwentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have nowappeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar proces
