1 牛津译林七年级上册阅读理解专题练习【知识梳理】一、阅读理解概述阅读是语言学习的主要目的之一阅读理解题已经成为全面评估学生英语水平的重要测试题型,在中考英语试卷中所占比重也比较大,它不仅考查学生综合运用英语语言知识的能力 ,而且考查学生阅读的速度及理解能力二、阅读理解题型分类 1. 阅读短文,判断正误 2. 阅读短文,选择答案 3. 阅读短文,回答问题(任务型阅读)1. 阅读短文,判断正误这种题型要求应考者根据短文的内容,对所列的句子与短文内容是否相符做出正误判断应考者做这类考题时应特别注意反义词、近义词以及一些词组的互替使用2. 阅读短文,选择答案这类题目类型是阅读理解最常考的一种这类题型的选项应在理解短文的基础上做出判断, 坚持短文内容与考项对比的方法,把一些与短文内容明显相符或不相符的答案选出来,然后再对要求根据上下文进行推埋的考项即短文伪容中没有直接答案的考项进行推断3.阅读短文,回答问题【注】任务型阅读在第7 次课做详细讲解三、阅读理解解题技巧(一)步骤2 1、先读问题,弄清考查要点,以便能带着问题看文章,这样会心中有数,有的放矢2、快速浏览全文,掌握全貌,注意发现与问题有关的信息,如果时间紧,至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。
再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想,这样全文大意便清楚了此时,不要忙于答题3、细读原文,捕捉相关信息词,掌握短文细节内容这是解题的关键,应特别注意以下几点:(1) 抓住四个 W 和一个 H,就是边读边用铅笔做些标记,把What (事件 ),When (时间) ,Where (地点),Why(原因),How(经过)划出来抓住了四个“ W ”和一个 “ H”,就抓住了文章的全貌,一些直接性的问题便可解决2)抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等因为这些词具有因果,让步,递进,转折,指代,列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能这对考生分清文章层次,辨明各种关系,了解人物心理,推断作者意图,进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点,都具有举足轻重的作用3) 注意领会文章的寓意4)根据题意,初选答案这一步须仔细审题,领会测试要求,确定解题方法对那些明显的,有把握的题可以断然确定,不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间:有些略难的题,应再查阅短文(不是重读一遍),迅速找出依据,予以排除4、重读原文,仔细斟酌核对答案在解完最后一道题后,如果时间允许,再将原文读一遍;用全文的主题思想统率各思考题,研究其内在联系和逻辑关系,目的在于对所做答案进一步审查,推出未解答的题,以便减少失误。
二)考点及解题方法1、细节理解题解题策略:* 此类题主要考察学生对相关信息的识别能力,答案一般在原文中能找到 答题时应迅速找到它的考察点,切不可望文生义或主观臆断 出题中所设的干扰项一般与文中的观点截然相反,要么不符,要么未涉及,相对容易排除2、文章 ( 段落 ) 主旨大意题设题方式: Which is the best title of the passage? The writer thinks_. 3 The writer wants to tell us_. The main idea of the passage is_. 解题策略: * 切忌以点代面,以偏概全文章的首尾句及各段的首尾句往往是探察全文内容的窗口,阅读时要学会找出文章的中心句 在阅读过程中,可通过略读来快速把握文章的中心,阅读时视阈要宽,紧抓对主题句的搜索,按意群进行阅读,避免阅读中的出声、指读、复视或停顿 学会猜词、跳词阅读,以暂时记忆迅速在头脑中清晰把握文章的大意3、推理判断题此类题需要透过文章信息进行深入的分析、综合、归纳等推断,需根据上下文及其内在联系对篇章进行深入的分析设题方式:1) How many times did the tiger come into the village? 解题策略: * 每段的首句,含有重要的解题线索。
设题方式: 2) From the second paragraph we know_. 解题策略: * 在把握全篇的基础上,细读这一段4、是非判断题设题方式:Which of the following is (NOT) true? Which of the following descriptions about is right?解题策略: * 干扰项常常是无中生有,张冠李戴,以偏概全,扩大内容5、词义猜测题设题方式:4 What does the word “” mean in paragraph 3?What does the underlined word mean? The word “” most likely means _.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word_. 解题策略:阅读中碰到生词时不要着急,耐心地读下去,文章会帮助你猜出生词词义此外,我们也可以通过构词法知识分析生词词义,或通过上下文,同义词,反义词,生活常识等猜测,尤其是本句话以及前后两句话,给生词假设意思,看是否读的通还可以联想,即回想已知词汇中是否存在拼写方法与该生词类似的词。
* 学会猜词(1) 捕捉关键词在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词,近义词,反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案(2) 根据上下文猜词义它和前后文有着必然的联系,只有把握作者的脉搏,理清逻辑链条,才能锁定生词的含义例如: A calendar is a list of the days ,weeks, months of a particular year. calendar 日历(3) 转换解题法即原文这么说,而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法,但仍表示同一含义4) 依解释Microscope is an instrument(工 具 )that makes small near objects seems larger.Microscope means_. * 有时我们能从生词的前后找到解释性的文字注】做阅读理解时,排除法是很重要的!我们可以根据语言,句法结构,信息词和常识,在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案例题精讲】A 5 Whole Wheat ( 小麦 ) Apple PancakesWhat you need:2 cups of whole wheat flour1/2 teaspoon of salt2 eggs1/4 cup of vegetable oil2 large apples1 cup of butterDIRECTIONS:In a large bowl, stir ( 搅拌 ) the flour and salt. Put eggs, oil and apples into the flour.Heat a large pan over medium heat. Put a large teaspoon of batter (面糊 ) onto the pan and cook until the batter becomes dry. Then flip the pancake and cook until it becomes brown on the other side. When both sides have a light brown color, the pancake is ready. Heat the butter over medium heat and add it to the pancake. It makes the pancake taste more delicious.1. How much vegetable oil do you need? A. 1 cup. B. 1/2 teaspoon. C. 2 cups. D. 1/4 cup. 2. What s the right order of making pancakes? Put eggs, oil and apples into the flour. Cook the batter . Stir the flour and salt. Heat the pan. A. B. C. D. ( )30. What does the word “flip ” mean in Chinese? A. 翻动 B. 爆炒 C. 切碎 D. 凉拌【答案】 DBA 【分析】1.根据文章第六行直接得出答案6 2.根据文章的direction 部分可得出原文的顺序,直接得到答案3.因为整句话的意思是怎么样薄饼直到两面都是金棕色的,推断应该是翻炒. B Jack and Mike are on holiday in France. Mike loves visiting old buildings. Jack likes, too. In the village Jack and Mike see a beautiful old church, but when they come into the church, some people are there. They dont know what the people are doing. Oh! Just sit quietly, and do like the others! Mike says. Because they dont really know French, so they stand, kneel, and sit to follow other people. Then the priest( 牧师 )says something. The man next to Jack and Mike stands up. We should stand up, too! Jack whispers to Mike. So, Jack and Mike stand up with the man. Suddenly, all the people smile! After that, Jack and Mike walk to the priest. Whats so funny? Jack asks in English. With a smile on his face the priest says, Boys, there is a new baby born, we ask the father to stand up. Mike smiles and says, We should understand what people do before we do like them. 1.Why are Jack and Mike in the church? AThey want to see the priest. BThere are many friends. CThey want to see the baby. DThe church is an old building. 2.Mike and Jack can speak_. AFrench BEnglish CEnglish and French DChinese 3.The man stands up because_. Ahe is the babys father Ball the people laugh CJack and Mike stand up Dhe knows English 7 4.The passage wants to tell us_. Aholiday makes people relaxed BFrench is very important Cthe priest is ver。