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1、湖南专版新课标（RJ）第二篇语法突破篇语法互动09非谓语动词【中考考点】(1)动词不定式的用法。(2)动名词的用法。(3)分词的用法。中考考点直击考点一动词不定式动词不定式有两种,即带to的不定式(to+动词原形)和不带to的不定式。注意 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,其否定结构为“not to do”。 1.作主语常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(动词不定式)置于句末。常用句型结构:Its+adj./n.(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.To ask the teacher for help is necessary. =It is necessary to ask the
2、teacher for help.向老师寻求帮助是必要的。中考考点直击2.作宾语(1)后接不定式作宾语的动词有 want, try, decide, hope, need, wish, agree, expect, refuse, learn, remember, forget, would like/love等。I hope there before dark. 我希望天黑之前到那儿。(2)在think, find, make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语(不定式)移至形容词之后,构成“主语+谓语+it(形式宾语)+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式”结构。I found it di
3、fficult to solve the problem. 我觉得解决这个问题很难。to get中考考点直击3.作宾语补足语(1)后面能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有 tell, ask, allow, want, help, wish, teach, warn, invite, would like, encourage等。The teacher told us Exercise 1.老师告诉我们做练习一。(2)使役动词let, make, have等和感官动词see, hear, watch, notice等后要用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但是,当上述动词变为被动语态
4、时,其后的不定式必须加上to。We often hear her sing.我们经常听见她唱歌。被动语态: She is often heard to sing.to do中考考点直击4.作状语动词不定式在句中常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。Mr. Lee will go to Hangzhou to visit the West Lake. 李先生将去杭州参观西湖。(作目的状语) 5.作定语动词不定式作定语时,放在被修饰的名词的后面,作后置定语。I dont have a partner to practice English with.我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。中考考点直击6.作表
5、语Their duty is the animals. 他们的职责是照看动物。7. “疑问词+不定式”结构动词不定式可以和what, which, when, where, how等疑问词连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。He doesnt know . 他不知道要穿什么。(作宾语)to look after/take care ofwhat to wear中考考点直击考点二动名词动名词一般由“动词原形+-ing”构成,与现在分词同形。动名词既具有动词的性质,也具有名词的性质。1.作主语动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语,在很多情况下可以通用。Playing/To pl
6、ay computer games too much is bad for your eyes.玩电脑游戏太多对你的眼睛有害。2.作宾语常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有 enjoy, finish, consider(考虑), miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, be busy, feel like, give up, cant help, avoid, be used to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, cant stop, keep/stopfrom, look forwa
7、rd to, put off, have fun等。Have you finished the book?你看完这本书了吗?reading中考考点直击3.作表语The nurses job is the patients.护士的工作是照顾病人。4.作定语I often go to the . 我经常去阅览室。注意 有些动词后既可接不定式又可接v.-ing形式作宾语,但表达的意义不同。常见短语:(1)stop to do sth.停下来去做另外一件事(不定式作目的状语)stop doing sth.停止做某事(v.-ing作宾语)(2)try to do sth. 试图(企图)做某事;尽力做某事
8、 try doing sth.试着做某事looking after/taking care ofreading room中考考点直击(3)forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(还没做)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)(4)remember to do sth.记着去做某事(还没做)remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)(5)go on to do sth.做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事go on doing sth.继续做原来所做的事(6)sth. need doing某事需要做(被动含义)need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主
9、动含义)中考考点直击考点三分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词(v.-ing)有主动、进行之意;过去分词(v.-ed)有被动、完成之意。1.作定语China is a country. America is a country.中国是一个发展中国家,美国是一个发达国家。I know the boy called Li Ming. 我认识那个叫李明的男孩。2.作表语The book is interesting. Im interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它感兴趣。developing developed中考考点直击3.作宾语补足语I saw her going ups
10、tairs. 我看见她正在上楼。I want to have some photos taken. 我想拍几张照片。4.作状语Laughing and talking, they went into the room.他们有说有笑地走进了房间。中考考点直击5.现在分词与过去分词的区别(1)在语态上,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。a moving film 一部感人的电影the moved people 被感动的人们(2)在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 the developing country 发展中国家the developed country 发
11、达国家中考考点直击6.易混结构 使役动词(make, keep, let, have等)易混结构的区分。如:have sb. doing sth. 与have sth. done 的区别:(1)have sb. doing sth. 意为“让某人一直做某事”, doing这个动作具有持续性。The teacher had the boys standing for an hour. 老师让男生们站了一小时。(2)have sth. done 意为“让某人做某事”,相当于ask sb. to do sth., done 表示让他人完成,有被动之意。I had my computer repaired yesterday. 昨天我让人修理了一下我的电脑。
