《《中考英语总复习》专题 11 非谓语动词(原卷版)》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《《中考英语总复习》专题 11 非谓语动词(原卷版)(9页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、【2019 四川省凉山中考】Is it necessary _ us _ some photos before saving the old man? Yes, it is. We can protect ourselves if we do so. A. of; taking B. for; taking C. of; to take D. for; to take【参考答案】D【试题解析】句意:在救那个老人之前,我们有必要拍些照片吗?是的,它是。如果我们这样做,我们可以保护自己。Its +adj. for /of sb. to do sth “对某人来说做某事样”,该结构中it为形式主语,
2、不定式短语为真正的主语,故排除A、B两项;通常由of或for引出不定式动作的执行者,如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的,如kind,good,nice,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等,用of sb.;如果形容词是仅仅来描述事物的,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous,(im)possible用for 引出动作的执行者,故选D。此题如果学生分不清it is adj. for sb. to do sth.和it is adj. for sb. doing sth.,学生很容易误选B, to
3、do表示有目的性,doing表示正在进行。此处表示在救那个老人之前,我们有必要拍些照片吗?故选D。1. 动词不定式的作用句子成分用法例句作主语谓语动词用单数形式,为避免头重脚轻常用it作形式主语。常用句型有:It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为做某事对某人来说是。It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为做某事花费某人多长时间。To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。作宾语常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有:
4、would like, want, like,hope, wish, plan,decide,learn, agree, try, remember, forget, expect, refuse, afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等think, find, believe等动词可用于动词+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中。it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。I find it difficult to pass my
5、math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。作定语动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语,两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系,因此,如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有:time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambition Can you give me a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗?Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗?作状语不定
6、式常可用作状语,修饰动词,表示行为的目的、结果和原因。To do a good job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。作表语放在系动词后作表语。My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。2. 不定式的特殊用法 使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语,须省略to。此类动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时,省略的to则要加上。动词不定式的否定
7、形式是not to do,其被动形式为to be done。Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。 常接疑问词+带to的不定式的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。非谓语动词解题七大原则原则一:用作目的状语,原则上要用不定式。原则二:用作伴随状语,原则上要用-ing。原则三:用作结果状语时,可用
8、-ing或不定式,其区别是,一般用-ing,表示一定逻辑的结果,即结果在意料之中。不定式作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果,即结果在意料之外。原则四:凡是含有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词。但是,如果所涉及的动作尚未发生,则用不定式的被动式;如果所涉及的动作正在进行,则用-ing的被动式。原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致。原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,原则上要用完成式(根据情况可用不定式的完成式或-ing的完成式)。原则七:用于名词后作定语时:用不定式,表示动作尚未发生;用-ing,表示动作正在进行;用过去分词,表示动作被动、完成。【巧学妙记】后跟to do
9、作宾语的动词(词组)(1)想要,拒绝,忘记 (want/would like, refuse, forget)(2)需要,努力,学习 (need, try, learn)(3)喜欢,同意,帮助 (like, agree, help)(4)希望,决定,开始 (hope/wish, decide, begin/start)【巧学妙记】巧记后跟动名词作宾语的动词喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)忍俊不禁(cant hel
10、p)还介意(mind) 【2019 湖北省咸宁中考】 Come and see! The baby is crying.Please do something to make him _.A. stop cryingB. stop to cryC. cryingD. cry【参考答案】A【试题解析】句意:过来看看!婴儿在哭。 做点什么让他别哭了。A. stop crying 停止哭;B. stop to cry停下来去哭;C为动名词;D为的动词原形。make sb . do sth. 使某人做某事,make后跟动词原形,排除C;还考查了stop的用法。stop doing sth. 是停止做某
11、事;stop to do sth. 是停下来做另一件事。结合语境:The baby is crying. 婴儿在哭。可知,应该是做点什么让婴儿别哭了。故选A。此题考查短语stop doing sth.的用法,stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事,stop doing sth. 停止做某事,学生掌握住这个知识点就能做对此题。有类似用法的动词有:forget, remember等等。(一)动名词的构成动名词是由动词+-ing构成,和现在分词形式一样,兼有动词和名词的特点。(二)动名词作用句子成分用法例句作主语单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式,常用的句型结构有:It is no use
12、(good)+v.ing.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。It is no use arguing again.再去争吵也没有用。作表语放在系动词后面作表语Her job is looking after the children.她的工作是照顾这些小孩子。作宾语用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式作宾语的词有:avoid, finish, consider, give up, cannot help, allow, imagine, include, keep, mind, practice, suggest,succeed in, be used to do, look forw
13、ard to, enjoy, be busyNo matter what happened, I wont give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情,我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。作定语用于名词前,起修饰说明作用There is a swimming pool in her home.她家有个游泳池。(三)动名词的特殊用法 即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有: love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, cant bear, propose, wan
14、t, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, cant afford等动词。有时两者之间的意义差别不大,但remember, regret, want, try等词后差别比较明显。1. 【2019 广西省河池中考】My parents dont allow me _ TV on school nights.A. to watchB. watchC. watchesD. watching2. 【2019 四川省内江中考】Where is Mike?I saw him _ with Mr. Smith in the hallwa
15、ys just now.A. to talkB. talkingC. talkedD. talks3. 【2019 云南省昆明中考】Yunnan Museum is such an interesting place that many kids have fun it.A. visiting B. to visit C. reading D. to read4. 【2019 四川省遂宁中考】These foreigners are practicing Chinese. A. to speakB. speakingC. speakD. speaks5. 【2019 内蒙古呼和浩特中考】It is wise Linda to make up her mind to play an instrument. A. for; learni