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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上透析中考英语语法主谓一致考点【语法概说】【主谓一致命题趋势与预测】根据对主谓一致部分全国各地试题的分析可知,今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为:1、 主谓一致的语法一致原则2、 主谓一致的整体一致原则3、 主谓一致的就近一致原则4、 主谓一致的意义一致原则5、 主谓一致的附加原则【考点诠释】 一、由or, either. or. , neither. nor. , not only.but also. , whether.or.等连接并列主语时,常采用就近原则,动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。 【考例】Not only Jim but also his siste
2、r _a few cities in the south since they came to China临沂市Awill visit B. has visited Chave visited D visited答案B 解析本题既考查时态,又考查并列连词not onlybut also的用法。由时间状语since they came to China,可判断用现在完成时,排除A、D两项;not onlybut also连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词要用“就近原则。Neither Jim nor his cousins _to America, but _of them know the cou
3、ntry very well. 07年潍坊市Ahave been;a11 B. have been; both C has been; all Dhas been; both答案B解析考查neithernor的用法,以及both与all的区别。neithernor连接两个主语时,谓语用“就近原则”,cousins是复数,谓语用have been,排除C和D项;指两者用both。二、 the number of + 复数名词,主语是the number(数量),谓语动词用单数;a number of +复数名词,主语是复数名词,a number of作定语, 相当于many,谓语动词用复数。【考
4、例】Look! There _ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2004包头) A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers 答案:A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念,因此谓语动词应用复数形式。(deer单复数相同)The number of _ in our class _ fifty. (2004山东烟台) A. student, is
5、B. the students, areC. the students, isD. students, are答案: C命题立意:本题考查主谓一致的用法。试题解析:the number of 后接复数名词,作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选C。三、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。【考例】As the saying _,Where there is a will; there is a way. 昆明市A. go B. goes C. going D. went答案B解析 the saying为第三人称单数形式,所以谓语动词用goes。但what从句作主语而表
6、语是复数时,谓语动词常用复数。 What we badly need here are experienced teachers. 我们这里急需的是有经验的教师。 四、and连接的两个单数名词作主语。【考例】 Trees and flowers _every year to make our country more beautiful. 陕西省A. is planted B. was planted C. are planted D. were planted答案C解析 every year说明本句表示的是一般现在时的概念,去掉B、D项;trees and flowers表达复数意义,所以选
7、C项。五、表示时间、距离、金钱、体积或数字等的词语作主语且表示总量时,谓语动词用单数。 【考例】 -How much _the shoes?-Five dollars_ enough 年青岛市Ais;is B are;is Care;are Dis;are答案B 解析 答案为B。shoes作主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式;five dollars是一个整体,应按单数对待。 How time flies! Ten years _ passed. (2004天津) A. have B. has C. is D. are 答案:B。该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体,谓语
8、动词用单数形式。六、就近原则 -There_ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick? -All right, Mum. 福州市A. is B. are C. was D. were答案A解析本题考查there be”句型中be的数及时态,be在数上要与最近的主语保持一致.句子的主语是不可数名词,所以be应使用单数形式,B、D两项可以排除。 Not only Jim but also his sister _a few cities in the south since they came to China07临沂市Awil
9、l visit B. has visited Chave visited D visited答案B 解析本题既考查时态,又考查并列连词not onlybut also的用法。由时间状语since they came to China,可判断用现在完成时,排除A、D两项;not onlybut also连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词要用“就近原则。Neither Jim nor his cousins _to America, but _of them know the country very well. 07年潍坊市Ahave been;a11 B. have been; both C ha
10、s been; all Dhas been; both答案B解析考查neithernor的用法,以及both与all的区别。neithernor连接两个主语时,谓语用“就近原则”,cousins是复数,谓语用have been,排除C和D项;指两者用both。【语法回顾】主谓一致1. 语法一致的原则2. 意义一致的原则3. 邻近一致的原则谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。在英语中,谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上同主语保持一致,叫做主谓一致。通常采用下列三个原则来处理,即:语法形式一致的原则、逻辑意义
11、一致的原则、就近(或毗邻)一致的原则。一、语法形式一致的原则,即在语法形式上取得一致。如:主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几种情况:1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 例如: Much land has been deserted in this area in the past few years.在过去的几年中,这个地区的许多土地已经沙化。To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage.开始吸烟很容易,但是要戒烟却
12、需要勇气。Reading English newspapers is a good way of improving you English. 阅读英文报纸是提高你英语水平的好方法。What you need most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。How you can get there is a problem. 你怎么到那儿去还是个问题。注意:由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时,主句的谓语动词用复数 。例如:What I bought were three
13、 English books.我买的是三本英语书。What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.我所说的和做的对你是有帮助的。2、由and 或both.and来连接并列主语时,谓语用复数。例如:Swimming and walking are good exercises.游泳和散步都是好运动。He and I were classmates when we were at college.他和我在上大学时是同学。Both John and Ann have got pen-friends.约翰和安都有笔友。Both Zhou Lan and Yang
14、Pei like sports.周兰和杨蓓都爱好体育。注意1)但是,并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式(这时and后的名词前没有冠词)。例如:The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting.经理兼书记没有出席会议。The manager and the secretary are busy now.经理和书记现在都很忙。Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.他们的老师和朋友是李先生。2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every或many a ,more than one修饰时,其谓语动词用单数形式。 例如:In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.在我们国家里,每个男孩和女孩都有权利受教育。Each man and each woman is asked to help. 每个男士和妇女都被请来帮忙。Many a stude