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1、定语从句专讲专练1 概念：在含有主句和从句的复合句中，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。它所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句就跟在先行词的后面。用来引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）和关系副词(where, when , why)。Eg. Did you see the person who/that stole it? This is the pen which/that he is looking for.上面两例中的先行词分别是the person与the pen，后面是有关系代词who/that/which/that引导的
2、定语从句。2 关系代词的选择及功能。引导定语从句的词有关系代词who, that, which, whom, whose和关系副词where, when, why。他们放在先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又充当定语从句中的一个成分（如主语或宾语）。有关先行词的选择取决于两点：先行词是人还是物；关系代词在从句中做主语还是宾语。具体用法如下：1） 当先行词是人时，关系代词可以用who或that；当先行词是物时，关系代词可用 which或that。 The film which/that they saw was very interesting. The boy who/that is sit
3、ting in the sun is my brother.2）当关系代词在句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 . The man (who, whom., that)they are waiting for comes from Japan. 3）whose 指人或物的所有格。 Do you know the boy whose hair is yellow? The classroom whose windows are closed is ours.4) 关系副词when, where, why = 介词+ which when 表时间，跟在hour, moment, day, month
4、, year, season, time等之后。 Can you tell me the date when/on which you were born? Where 表地点，跟在place, village ,town, city, home等之后。 This is the place where/in which I grew up. Why表原因, 在 reason（原因）之后。 Thats the reason why she didnt come to work.3 只能用that的情况 1）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，关系代词必须用that。 This is the
5、best novel (that ) I have ever read. 2）如果指物的先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时，必须用that，不能用which。不定代词有all, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one, much, little, every, any, some等。 .I mean the one (that)you talked about just now. 3) 当先行词有the only, the very, the last, the same, the first等词修饰时，关系代词必 须用t
6、hat。He is the only person( that )I saw there.4)当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作表语时用that。 She is no longer the girl that she wanted to be.5）当有两个或两个以上分别表人和物的先行词时只能用that He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.6) 当who ,which 开头的疑问句时，避免重复，用that Who is the girl that is standing at the door.7)主句是the
7、re be 结构,定语从句用that 作关系代词There is a seat in the corner that is still free.4.不能用that 的情况：1）先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？2）关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。3）引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如： Tom came back，
8、which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。4）当先行词为anyone, everyone, those ,he , she , all, any指人时，用 who I will shoot anyone who moves . It is he who saved me.注意:1）关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，如果介词放在它的前面，只能用which 或whom。 This is the room that/which he lived in two years ago. This is the room in which he lived two years
9、ago. The girl who/whom/that he is talking to is my sisiter. The girl to whom he is talking is my sisiter. 但有些介词短语的固定词组不能拆开 The babies who /that the nurse are looking after are healthy. 2) 当关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时，定语从句的谓语动词取决于先行词而不 是关系代词。 The girl who has long hair is my daughter. The trees that were planted
10、 by us last year have grown well.专题训练：一用关系代词或关系副词填空。1. We need comrades(同志) _ can help us.2. The man _ you saw yesterday was a doctor from Beijing.3. This is a story about a girl_ name (the name of _ ) is Liu Hu-lan.4. This is our classroom ,_ windows(the windows of _) face the south.5. Here is a bo
11、ok _ will give a lot of useful knowledge.6. This is the song _ we like best.7. I will never forget the day on _ I first saw him.8. This is the room _ Lao Liu once lived in.9. Do you still remember the day on _ he joined the army？10. The earth， _ we all know， moves around the sun.11. Here are five fi
12、sh. The two _were caught yesterday are gold fish.12. Everything _ I told you just now is true.13. They talked of the things and persons _ they remembered in the school.14. There are stars _ we still dont know in space.15. Li Ying is not the girl _ she used to be ten years ago.16. The businessman you
13、 saw just now is Jim.17. The room he is now living in is large.18. A fridge is a machine is used for keeping food fresh.19. The person to he is speaking is Mr Black.20. The tomatoes were in the basket were red.二将下列句子合并为定语从句1,I never forget the day. I spent the day with my friend in shanghai.2, ,I ne
14、ver forget the day. I joined the League Member on that day3,. This is a person. I used to play with him.4, He is the only student. He passed the exam.5. she is a girl. Her hair is the longest in the class.6,He is my good friend. I often think of her.7,This is a place . I used to play with my friends in this place.8, This is a place . I visited this place last year.9, He is a person. He often helps others.10. These are the people and books. I saw the people and books on my way
