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1、改错题型透析及应试技巧一、常考典型错误 1、一致性方面的错误1)主谓一致主谓不一致错误是CET-4综合改错题内容之一，主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长，首尾不能相接，造成视觉上的混淆。例：The president of the company,together with the workers, are planning a conference for the purpose of solving financial problems.2)名词单复数有时名词可以不用复数，但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰，如many,several,a number of,a variety
2、of等等，就要变成复数形式。例：Computer,as we all know,has many possible use in different fields. 3)代词与先行词一致代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群，因此代词的出现必须有所指，而且形、数等必须与前面所代的部份相符。这是代词改错的核心。例：A knowledge of several languages is essential to other majors study because without them one can read books only in translation.2、时态、语态、虚拟
3、语气1)时态错误在一篇结构完整、语义连续的短文中，时态的使用也应该连贯一致，但是英语表示时间时，主句和从句时态可能不一致，却仍说明完整正确的意思。这就要求考生对英语敏感，准确判断句中动作的时态。例：He cant remember what he once knows.2)语态错误在CET-6综合改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。因为汉语表达习惯上有时不加“被字也能表示被动，因而考生对被动语态不敏感。另外，不及物动词不能携带宾语，因而也就没有被动语态。例：She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened
4、 to the account.3)虚拟语气错误虚拟语气的使用错误在综合改错题中主要表现为主句和从句的语气不协调。例：We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible. 3、连接词、并列句、附属句这类错误常常不易被发现，因为它不属于句子内部的语言知识，而是句子与句子之间的串联的关系。要想把这类错误纠正出来，需要考生对文章有总体的理解，头脑中有个大的框架。一般改错中的连接词错误都会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变，或造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。例：Science is the pro
5、duction of new knowledge that can be applied or not, sincetechnology is the application of knowledge to the production of some products,machinery or the like.二、词汇用法错误 1固定搭配错误：主要是一些常用介词短语、动词短语、形容词短语的误用，另外，一些固定句型中词汇的搭配也容易出错。对付此类错误的方法是大量记忆，熟悉这些固定的搭配。例1：about an American who had been invited to an Arab
6、meal at one of the countries of the Middle East2000年6月第75题例2：，but such reasons are totally dependent in the balance of risks and benefits for the patients1993年6月第75题例3：However，a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavior as good manners2000年6月第73题2单词的混用：这种错误是指误用了某个在形式或
7、意义上与正确的单词相似的单词。例1：Between sunrise and sunset，streets and highways are a constant source of voice from cars， buses and trucks1995年6月第 73题例2：Immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread that looked，to him，very much as a napkin2000年6月第78题三、篇章理解错误 1语意的颠倒：这类错误多指在语意表达上用了相反的词，造成上下文逻辑推理上的自相矛盾。做题前如先
8、阅读全文，领会上下文承接关系与语意关系将裨益无穷。例：If he was present because of sickness， there was often no job for him when he returned1994年1月第76题2指代关系的错误：这类错误主要指由于人称代词、物主代词及指示代词的误用，导致指示不清、逻辑混乱，甚至前后矛盾。细心推敲和全局观念是破解此类错误的杀手锏。例1：A break in their employment，or a decision to work part time，will slow its raises and promotions 1
9、996年1月第75题例2：，he finds it pleasing he is influencing people：they are drawn to them 1995年1月第78题3连接词与关系词的错误：这类错误主要出现在定语从句与状语从句中，正确地分析句与句之间的逻辑关系，才能选择适宜的连接词与关系词。例1：Instead，this other person told us a story，it he said was quite well known2000年6月第74题一般而言，做综合改错题可遵循以下步骤：速读，把握主旨看标志行，找词汇错误找语法错误分析逻辑，推理错误的可能性重读
10、全文，检查复核文字是否正确、合理。_ invented by man. The most popular medicines in the 2._ world today, it is an effective pain reliever. Its bad effects are relatively mild, and it is cheap. For millions of people suffered from arthritis, 3._ it is the only thing that works. Aspirin, in short, is truly the 20th-cen
11、tury wonder drug. It is also the second largest suicide drug and is the leading cause of poisoning among children. it has side effects that, if 4._ relatively mild, are largely unrecognized between users. 5._ Although aspirin was first sold by Germam company in 1899, it has been around much longer t
12、han that. Hippocrates, in ancient Greece, understood the medical value of the leaves and tree bark which today is known to 6._ contain salicylates, the chemical in aspirin. during the 19th century, there was a great number of experimentation 7._ in Europe with this chemical, and it led in the introd
13、uction 8._ of aspirin. By 1915, aspirin tablets were available in the United States. A small quantity of aspirin(two five-grain tablets) relieves pain and inflammation. It also reduces down 9._ fever by interfering with some of the bodys reactions. Specifically, aspirin seems to slow down the format
14、ion of the acids involved in pain and the complex chemical reactions that cause fever. The chemistry of these acids is not fully understood, and the slowing effect of aspirin 10._ is well known. 参考答案 1. of safest the 2. medicines medicine(or: drug) 3. suffered suffering 4. if though(or: although) 5. between among 6. is are 7. number deal(or: amount,quantity) 8. in to 9. down / 10. and butThe first man known to use a signal other than a bonfire used a chandelier. He was lord of a castle that stood near a rocky seacoast.
