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1、生活需要游戏， 但不能游戏人生； 生活需要歌舞，但不需醉生梦死；生活需要艺术，但不能投机取巧；生活需要勇气，但不能鲁莽蛮干；生活需要重复，但不能重蹈覆辙。- 无名2009 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题及答案Part Writing (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Creating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words
2、following the outline given below: 1. 建设绿色校园很重要2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境,3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该,Creating a Green Campus Part Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1 . For q
3、uestions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid Good grades and high tests scores still mattera lotto many colleges as th
4、ey award financial aid. But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as “ merit aid” , is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars. George Washin
5、gton University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients( 接受者 ), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a simi
6、lar decision three years ago. Now, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008. Not all colleges offer mer
7、it aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don t meet need eligibility( 资格)have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school. For small regional colleges
8、 that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running. But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to
9、recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. “ They re trying to buy students, ” says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum. Studies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. “As we look to the future, we see a more pressin
10、g need to invest in need-based aid,” says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report s ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17. Merit aid, which benefited about
11、 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, “served us well, ” Inzer says, but “to be discounting the price for families that don t need financial aid doesn t feel right any more. ”Need-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, wh
12、ich includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level. Between 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 1
13、5 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state s public institutions. But in recent years, a growing chorus(异口同声 )of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be “a sign that people are starting to re
14、alize that there s this destructive competition going on,”says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need. David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their m
15、erit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors. “No one can take one-sided action, ” says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption( 豁免 )from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, “This is a m
16、erry-go-round that s going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.”A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don t qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs. That s one reason Allegheny College doesn t plan to drop merit aid entirely. “We still believe in rewarding superio
