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1、第二章 非谓语动词（二）非谓语动词的用法不定式与疑问词what, which ,who, whom,how等构成动词的宾语。I do not know how to do it.作表语不定式作表语放在be和其他系动词后，说明主语的内容。My job is to sweep the floor.不定式作主语时，表语也必须为不定式，结构必须保持一致。To see is to believe.如果主语部分的谓语动词或非谓语动词是实义动词do的某种形式，那么作表语的不定式可以省略to.The first thing to do is find her.The only thing he could d
2、o was tell the truth.作定语不定式作定语通常放在所修饰的名词或代词后。something important to tell you（被动关系）His wish to be an artist has never come true.（同位关系）She has no friends to play with.（主动关系）（注：若不定式为不及物动词，其后需加上相应的介词）作状语不定式作状语主要是表示目的、条件、原因和结果，可位于句首或句末，但句首时通常用逗号隔开。We set off early to catch the bus.（目的）He worked hard only
3、 to fail.（结果）（注：不定式表结果常和only连用，往往表示出乎意料的、意想不到的、不愿得到的结果）He hurried to the station only to find the train had left. “形容词+enough+不定式”和“too+形容词或副词+不定式”（太而不能）也可作结果状语。He is old enough to go to school.He is too weak to raise the stone. 作补语不定式作补语表示动作的完成。宾语与作补语的不定式之间是主动关系。She wanted me to arrive there early.
4、动词不定式可作感官动词和使役动词（let，make ，have）后面的宾补时，不定式符号to要省略，但如果句子变被动结构，必须还原to表示动作的完成。He made them climb the hill.They were made to climb the hill. 动词不定式可作形容词的补足语，句型为：主语+系动词+表语主语+find/think/consider/believe等+宾语+adj+to doHe is easy to fool.The woman is hard to work with.He finds the job difficult to do.（2）动名词的用法具有动词和名词的特点，有一般式和完成式，有主动式和被动式，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。否定形式在其前面加not.作主语Driving a car on the crowded road is boring.作宾语She managed to escape being punished.以下动词词组后面只接动名词作宾语：insist on, be devoted to,I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
