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1、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If + 主语 +助动词的过去式（ were, did, had）主语 + should/would/could/might+动词原形If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad. 与过去事实相反的假设If +主语 +had+过去分词主语 +should/would/could/might +have+过去分词If you had taken my advice, you would
2、 not have failedin the exam. 与将来事实相反的假设If+ 主语 + 动词过去式If+主语 +were to+动词原形If+ 主 语 +should+ 动词原形 (注意不能是would)主语 + should/would/could/might+动词原形If youcametomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting. If he should not come tomorrow, we should put o
3、ff the meeting till next Monday. 错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. if 省略句在条件句中可以省略if, 把 were, had, should 提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：If I w
4、ere at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorro
5、w, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。用介词代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with, without, but for 。如：What would you do with a million dollars ? (=if you had a million dollars) 如果你有100 万元，你会做什么？精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - -We couldn t have finished the work ahead of
6、time without your help. (=if we hadn t got your help) 没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。Without your help , we couldn t have finished the work ahead of time. = But for your help, = If it had not been for your help, = Had it not been for you help, 没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。含蓄条件句有时在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if 引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如
7、：I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. ( 副词 ) He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (连词 ) A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. (定语从句 ) I might have given you more help, but I was too
8、 busy. (连词 ) Everything taken into consideration , they would have raised their output quickly. ( 独立主格结构) even if, even though 也可用于虚拟语气，其形式与if 从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同。习题1. If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going. A.had been, would have prevented B.had been, would prevent C.were, would prevent D.were
9、, would have prevented 2. If it for the snow, we the mountain yesterday. A.were not, could have climbed B.were not, could climb C.had not been, could have climbed D.had not been, could climb 3. Without electricity( 电 ) human life quite difficult today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
10、 4. I didn t see your sister at the meeting, if she , she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 5. When the pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - -A. breaks B. has broken C. w
11、ere broken D. had been broken 6. He hesitated(犹豫 ) for a moment before kicking( 踢) the ball. Otherwise he a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 7. right now, she would get there on Sunday. A.Would she leave B.If she leaves C.Were she to leave D.If she had left 8. Had he
12、 worked harder, he the exam. A.must have got through B.would have got through C.would get through D.could get through 9. He must have had an accident, or he then. A.would have been here B.had to be here C.should be here D.would be here 10. for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand. A.Not b
13、eing B.Had it not been C.Without being D.Not having been 11. We didn t know his telephone number, otherwise we him. A.would have called B.must have telephoned C.would telephone D.had telephoned 虚拟语气 (1)复习题1.He you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might give C. may have
14、 given D. may give 2. for your laziness(懒惰), you could have finished the assignment(任务) by now. A. Had it not been B. It were not C. weren t it D. Had not it been 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - -3.If I hadn t stood under the ladder(梯子) to catch you when you f
15、ell, you now. A. wouldn t be smiling B. couldn t have smiled C. won t smile D. didn t smile 4.If it Professor Johnson s recommendation(推荐), I wouldn t have been admitted to the graduate school( 研究生学院 ). A. were not for B. had not been for C. were not D. had it not been 5.If we do not develop a new k
16、ind of car, air pollution even more dangerous. A. should have become B. will become C. would have become D. must have become 6.But for the stormy weather, we earlier. A. should arrive B. shall arrive C. should have arrived D. shall have arrived 7.If we their terms(条款，条件 ), we would go bankrupt(破产). A. accept B. should accept C. had accepted D. are to accept 8.John would never have gone to the hospital that Tom would be there, too. A. he did not know B. if had he known C. had he known D. he would
