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1、英语动词的时态时态和时间是两个不同的概念。 时间是一种客观存在的形式， 它不依赖于任何一种特定的语言， 为所有的文化共有。 时态是一种语言的手段， 依语言的不同而有所区别，它是属于动词的语法范畴。 英语动词时态是以动词形式变化来表示句子中谈到的动作、 状态的时间关系和说话的时间。 因此我们可以看到时态和时间两者间虽然有关系，但不可以混淆。The plane leaves tomorrow morning. 飞机明晨起飞。此句中的时态为一般现在时，但是它所表示的时间却为将来（明晨）英语动词的常用时态总共有十六种：一般现在时现在进行时一般过去时过去进行时一般将来时将来进行时现在完成时过去完成时将来
2、完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时1 一般现在时一般现在时的形式是以动词的原形表示的， 当主语为第三人称单数时， 做谓语的动词原形后要加上词尾-s or es, 其构成方式列表如下：情况 构成 例词一般情况词尾加 -s Reads, writes 以 ch,sh,s,x,o 结尾的词 词尾加 -es Teaches,washes,guesses, fixes, goes 以辅音字母 +Y 结尾的词变 Y 为 I，再加 -es Tries, carries 但是，动词 to be 和 to have 的一般现在时的形式特殊如下：一般动词的词形变化To be 的词形变化To have 的词形变化I
3、 know it I am a student I have a pen. You know it. You are a student You have a pen He (she) knows it. He (she) is a student. He (she)has a pen. We (you,they) know it. We (you,they) are students. We (you,they) have pens. 一般现在时的功用1. 表示一直发生的事情，经常发生的动作：Nurses look after patients in hospitals. Excuse me
4、, do you speak English? I get up at 8 oclock every morning. It often rains in summer in Beijing. 2. 表示客观事实或者真理：Birds fly. 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - -The earth goes around the sun. 3
5、. 谈论时间表、旅程表等，如：What time does the film begin? The football match starts at 8 oclock. Tomorrow is Thursday. 4. 谈论籍贯、国籍等，如：Where do you come from? I come from China. 你是哪国人？我是中国人。Where do you come from? I come from Guangzhou. 你是哪里人？我是广州人。5. 询问或者引用书籍、通知或新近接到的信笺内容，如：What does that notice say? What does A
6、nn say in her letter? She says she s coming to Beijing next week. Shakespears says, “Neither a borrower or a lender be.” 莎士比亚说： “ 既不要向人借钱，也不要借钱给别人。” 一般过去时一般过去时是表示在说话时间以前发生的动作或者状态的动词时态，它是英语时态体系中最重要的时态之一。1) 一般过去时规则动词的构成形式：规则动词在其原形后面加-ed: to work-worked 以字母 e 结尾的规则动词，只加 -d: to love-loved 对所有人称均无词形变化。否定
7、式均由 did not + 动词原形构成I / you / he / she / they / we did not work. 疑问式均由did + 主语 + 动词原形构成拼写注意：情况 变化 例词动词为单音节，以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾辅音字母双写，再加 -ed Stop-stoppedAdmit admitted 以 y 结尾的动词，在 y 前为辅音字母时Y 变为 I ,加 ed Carry carriedHurry hurried 以 y 结尾的动词，在 y 前为元音字母时加ed Obey obeyedEnjoy-enjoyed 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - -
8、 - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - -在英语当中有一部分动词的过去式变化形式是不规则的，这类动词被称为不规则动词。总数大概不过200 多个，但是使用频率很高。主要分成三类：1 第一类不规则动词的三种形式同形，如：cost cost cost cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set 注意，有些动词的过去式与过去分词有两中形式，如
9、：bet bet / betted bet / betted wed wed / wedded wed / wedded wet wet / wetted wet / wetted 2 第二类不规则动词的过去式和过去分词同形，如：bend bent bent bring brought brought catch caught caught hide hid hid / hidden get got got/ gotten(AmE) lead led led 3 第三类不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同，如：原形 过去式 过去分词begin began begun break brok
10、e broken forbid forbade forbidden grow grew grown ring rang rung wake woke / waked woken / waked 此外还有少数不规则动词的过去分词与原形相同，如：come came come become became become run ran run 一般过去时的功用1） 表示一个没指明具体时间的过去的行动，如：He worked in that bank for four years. (没说明起始时间，但是现在不在那里工作了)。They once saw Deng Xiaopin. Did you eve
11、r hear BackStreet Boy sing? 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - -2) 表示在过去特定的时间结束的行动，如：When did you meet him? I met him yesterday. When we lived in Phoenix, we studied at Arizona State Univers
12、ity. Where have you been? I ve been to the opera.Did you enjoy it? 3) 表示过去的习惯He always carried an umbrella. They never drank wine. 现在完成时的形式现在完成时由 to have 的现在时 +过去分词构成：肯定式 否定式 疑问式 否定疑问式I have worked I have not worked Have I worked? Have I not worked? You have worked You havenot worked Have you worked
13、? Have you not worked? He (she)has worked. He(she)has not worked. Has he(she) worked? Has he(she) not worked? We(you / they) have worked. We (you / they) have not worked. Have we (you / they) worked? Have we (you / they) not worked? 紧缩形式现在完成时的功用现在完成时可以说成是兼有现在与过去意义的一种复合时态。它与现在有密切联系，如：-Oh,dear, Ive fo
14、rgotten her name. 和现在的联系就是I don t remember her name now. -Fort has gone to Canada. 和现在的联系就是He is not here. He is in Canada now. 1) 表示延续到现在的动作（有时是总计做了多少次等）。How many times have you been to the United States? She really loves that film. She has seen it eight times. Tom has lived in Now York all his lif
15、e. 2) 表示开始与过去而在说话时刻结束的行动，如：精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - -I haven t seen you for ages. 我好久没见到你了。（说话时刻已经见到了）This room hasnt been cleaned for months. (也许从说话开始时刻就要打扫它了) 3) 表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，
16、如：The window has broken. 4) 和最高级连用，表示到现在为止是最的What a boring film! Its the most boring film Ive ever seen. Is it a thick book?- Yes, it is the thickest book Ive ever read. 5) 和句型 This is the first tim e, Its the first time 连用，如：This is the first time he has driven a car. (相当于 he has never driven a car before.) Is this the first time youve been in hospital? Professor Johnson has lost his passport again. Its the second time he has lost it. 6) 和 ever, never, yet, just, already 等副词连用，如：Have you ever e
