【知识】九年级英语总复习八年级下册;九年级上册湘教版知识精讲

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1、初三英语总复习:八年级下册(78单元) ;九年级上册( 12 单元)湘教版【本讲教育信息 】一. 教学内容:总复习:八年级下册(78 单元);九年级上册(12 单元)教学过程八年级下册(78 单元)语法项目说明例句动词不定式(1)动词不定式的基本形式是“to 动词原形” ,有时可不带to 。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能单独作谓语,但是仍保留动词的特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语和状语一起构成不定式短语to save money 攒钱to sell flowers in the evening 在晚上卖花to speak at the meeting 在会上讲话精

2、品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 18 页 - - - - - - - - -(2)动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此可以在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。功能例句作主语It s easy to park because the bicycle needs less space. It s impolite to eat noisily in Cuba. 作表语I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the evening. Your g

3、roup s task is to find out the cost to go by train. 作宾语 I want to make hotel reservations. We decide to take the train. 作宾语补足语 Miss Wang asked Kangkang to book the ticket. It can also help some students not to overeat later in the day. 作定语The best way to travel is by train. I have some terrible news

4、 to tell you. 作状语They organized a show to raise money. Let s work in groups to find out the information about the cost. 九年级上册(12 单元)语法项目说明例句现在完成时态(1)现在完成时态的构成:have/ has 过去分词。 has 用于第三人称单数,have 用于其他各种人称。注过去分词的构成:一般在动词后面加“ed” 。如: worked, played 。以“e”结尾只加 “d” 。如:liked, loved 。辅单字母加“y”结尾的动词,改“y”为“i ”“ e

5、d” 。如: studied, worried。重读闭音节词要双写加“ed” 。 如 stopped 。不规则变化动词的过去分词,见九年级上册课本 P138140。如:come come gogone seeseen saysaid I have seen the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了。She has been at the No. 2 Middle School for over 20 years. 她来到二中20 多年了。They haven t come back yet. 他们还没回来。Have you heard from your friend rece

6、ntly? 你最近收到朋友的来信了吗?精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 18 页 - - - - - - - - -(2) 现在完成时态的时间副词:already (已经) ,yet(已经, 还) ,just (刚才),ever(曾经) , never (从不),three times(三次),twice (两次),once(一次),since (自从以来),before (在之前) ,for (一段时间) , for three years(三年了),all ones life ( 一生中), these days (这些

7、天), recently(近来)等。The train has been here for 5 minutes. 火车已经到达5 分钟了。精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 18 页 - - - - - - - - -语法项目说明例句现在完成时态(3)现在完成时态的用法:表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与非延续性动词连用,如:begin ,give ,go,meet,see 等,并常带不确定 的 时 间 状 语 , 如 : already, yet, once, twice, just, ever, never

8、等等。表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作和状态, 通常用延续性动词,如 be, work, study, live等,常与表示时间段的状语连用,如: for five minutes, since 1949, how long, all day, all one s life等,也可与表示到目前为止的状语连用,如:so far, up to now, until now等。注非延续性动词不能与for, since, how long 等延续性的时间状语连用。例如:他已经到达两小时了:误 He has arrived here for two hours. 正 He has been her

9、e for two hours. 误We have bought a book for two weeks. 正 We have had a book for two weeks. 非延续性动词又叫做短暂动词或瞬间动词,例如:come, go, arrive, get to, reach, borrow, lend, begin, start, close, open, die, join, leave等等。 How long have you been a teacher? 你 当 老 师 多 久 时 间了?I ve been a teacher for 10 years. 我当老师有10

10、年了。He has been here for 10 minutes. 他来到这里已经有10分钟了。Has he visited the country twice? 他访问过那个国家两次了吗?I havent seen you for a long time. 我很久没有看到你了。His grandfather has been dead for 2 years. 他的祖父已经去世两年了。He has been at the No. 2 Middle School for 15 years. 他来到二中有15 年了。 They have been in Beijing for 2 hours

11、. 他们到达北京有两个小时了。The film has been on for 3 minutes. 电影已经开始三分钟了。直接引语和间接引语的定义:当我们转述别人的话时,可以引用别人的原话,被引用的部分称为直接引语,并用引号引起来;用自己的话转述别人的意思时,被转述的部分称为间接引语,不用引号。(1)时态的变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般过去将来时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时一般过去时过去完成时“I m doing my lessons,”she said. 她说: “我在做功课。 ” She said (that) she wa

12、s doing her lessons. 她说她在做功课。I said to them, “You will be disappointed at the news. ” 我告诉他们说:“听到这个消息你们会失望的。” I told them (that) they would be disappointed at the news. 我告诉他们,听到这个消息,他们会失望的。精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 18 页 - - - - - - - - -语法项目说明例句直接引语和间接引语a. 直接引语中的谓语动词为一般过去时,如

13、与一个具体表示过去的时间(如 in 1993, last week等)连用,在变为间接引语时可以不变。My father said to me, “I read the book in 2003.” 我父亲对我说: “我2003 年读了这本书。 ”My father told me he read the book in 2003. 我 父 亲 告 诉 我 他 于2003 年读了这本书。b. 直接引语表达的意思是客观真理时,在变为间接引语时时态不变。The geography teacher said to us, “The earth goes around the sun.”地理老师对我们

14、说:“地球绕着太阳转。 ”The geography teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. 地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。(2)副词、代词、动词的变化直接引语间接引语nowthen ago before today that day this morningthat morning yesterday the day before yesterday morning the morning before tomorrow the next day last week/ month the week/ month before

15、this week/ monththat week/ month next week/ month the next week/ month herethere this that these those comego “I ll come and see you again this evening, Tom,” he said. 他说:“汤姆,今天晚上我再来看你。”He told Tom (that) he would go and see him again that evening.他告诉汤姆那天晚上他再来看他。在句子的意义不会引起误解的情况下,状语有时也可不变。“I ll come

16、here again tomorrow, ” she said. 她说:“我明天还要到这里来。 ”She said (that) she d go there again the next day. 或: She said (that) shed go there again tomorrow. 她说她第二天还要去那里。精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 18 页 - - - - - - - - -(3)直接引语为疑问句时的变动当直接引语是疑问句时,除注意在人称、时态和状语等方面作相应的变动外,还要注意:间接引语中要用陈述句的语序,先主语,后谓语。She asked, “What is it? Whats going to happen now?” 她问: “那是什么?又要发生什么事了?”She asked what it was and what was going to happen then. 她问那是什么,又要发生什么事了。The boy was wondering, “How does the compute

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