【知识】春季新版八年级下册英语第一至三单元知识点小结

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1、知识点大全2014 春季新版八年级下册英语第一至三单元知识点小结Unit 1 Whats the matter? 一、基础知识1. What s the matter ? 怎么啦?出什么事情了?【解析】 matter/ m? t?(r) /n. 问题;事情What s the matter with you? = What s the trouble with you? = What s wrong with you? 你怎么了?【注】:matter 和 trouble 为名词,其前可加 the 或形容词性物主代词,wrong 是 adj. 不能加 the 【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇

2、到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时,与介词 with 连用。即:Whats the matter with sb.? = What s your trouble?= What s up? = What happens to sb.? Whats the matter with you ? I have a bad cold. 2. I had a cold.我感冒了。have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu 感冒have a fever 发烧have a cough咳嗽have a stomachache 胃疼,肚子疼have a toothache 牙疼hav

3、e a headache头疼3. 身体部位 +ache(疼痛)构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛4. much too+ 形容词,意为太. ,too much+名词,意为很多,大量。5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地,enough 放在 名前后,形副后 。good enough 足够好, enough money=much money 6. lie down 躺下,lie 躺,躺着,过去式lay;lie 说谎,过去式lied 7. ma

4、ybe “或许” ,常用于句首,表示可能性,后加句子。Maybe you are right. may be,是情态动词 +be 的结构,意为 “ 可能,也许 ” ,后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry. 8. sound like+名词代词和从句:It sounds like you dont know the truth. It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词, “ 听起来,好像 ” ,The music sounds nice. 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共

5、19 页 - - - - - - - - -知识点大全9. need 需要,实义动词need+名词,需要某物;need to do sth. 需要做某事,主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作:You need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth.主语通常是物,表示被动的动作:Your dirty clothes need washing. 10. get off (the bus) 下(公交车)get on 上车11. agree 同意,赞同;agree with sth. 同意某事如: I agree with that idea. a

6、gree to sb. 同意某人的意见如: I agree to LiLei.12. trouble 问题,麻烦;be in trouble 遇到麻烦, make trouble 制造麻烦,have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth 做.有麻烦。13. right away=right now=at once ,意为马上 。14.【复习】advice 不可数名词 劝告,建议,向 征求意见,give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议;advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth.

7、 建议某人做某事advise sb. doing sth. 15. 【复习】 exercise 练习、锻炼当 exercise意为 “练习 ”时,为可数名词即可加 s 当 exercise意为 “锻炼 ”时,为不可数名词即不加 s16. hurt 及物动词,使 疼痛, 受伤, He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物动词, (部位)疼。His leg hurt badly. 17. clean 【动词】打扫,clean the classroom 打扫教室,【形容词】干净的,cleaner 意为清洁工。18. hit (用手或器具)打;击打The boy hi

8、t the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背,on 用在所打较硬的部位;hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子,in 用在所打较软的部位。19.be used to sth./ doing sth .习惯于、适应了 、做某事,强调状态;His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. get/ become used to

9、sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯,逐渐适应”强调过程、动作:It s difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.20. 【复习】 free 形容词 空闲的 free time;免费的 the drink is for free ;自由的 I want to become a free bird. free【动词】使 解脱,得到自由:He could not free his arm. 21. run out 用完,用尽When his water run out, he knew that he would ha

10、ve to do something to save his own life. 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 19 页 - - - - - - - - -知识点大全物 sth. run out. 某物用尽了。人 sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night. 22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事take a risk=take risks 冒险23. the importance of (doing) st

11、h. (做)某事的重要性We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要(性),important adj.重要的, unimportant adj.不重要的24. decision 【名词】决定;抉择;make a decision 做决定; make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。25. be in the control of 掌管,管理The headmaster is in the control of this new s

12、chool. be out of control 无法控制,无法管理be under control 被控制住,在控制之中26. 【复习】 mind 意为介意,mind doing sth. 介意做某事, Would you mind my opening the window? 27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事,give up (playing) computer games;give up 后可接名词、代词和动词ing 形式,也可不接,如: Never give up easily. 二、重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应注意和它所指的相

13、应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myself yourself himself herself itself 复数ourselves yourselves themselves 【用法】1. 可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。如:Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如:She isn t quite herself today. 3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加

14、强语气。如: She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. 4. 用在某些固定短语当中。如:look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快help oneself to sth 请自用 (随便吃 /喝些 ). hurt oneself 摔伤自己精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - -

15、 - - - - 第 3 页,共 19 页 - - - - - - - - -知识点大全say to oneself 自言自语leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下buy oneself sth.给自己买 东西introduce oneself 介绍 自己【提醒】1. 反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用。如:我自己能完成作业。(误) Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. 2. 反身代词表示

16、“ 某人自己 ” 不能表示 “ 某人的东西 ” , 因为它没有所有格的形式。表达 “ 某人自己的 (东西)”时,须要用ones own. 如:我用我自己的蜡笔画画。 (误)I m drawing with myself crayons. (正) I m drawing with my own crayons.Unit 2 I ll help to clean up the city parks 一、基本知识点1. sick 生病的,有病的;可在句中作表语Mary could not come because she is sick. 也可作定语a sick child 【区别 ill】ill 与 sick 同义;但是只在句中做表语,不做定语。Mary could not come because she is ill. 2. cheer (sb.) up(让某人)变得高兴;振奋起来The good news cheered up everyone in our class. 3. give out分发;散发 ,相当于 hand out,The teacher is giving out

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