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1、专业英语翻译Un the case of a resistor（电阻），the voltage-current relationship is given by Ohms law, which states that the voltage across the resistor is equal to the current through the resistor multiplied by the value of the resista nee.就电阻而言，电压一电流的关系由欧姆定律决定，欧姆定律指出：电阻两端的 电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。2. the fundamental
2、 law that is applied in （被应用）th/s method is Kirchhoffs first law, which states that the algebraic sum of the voltages （电丿七的代数和） around a closed loop is 0,or ,in any closed loop, the sum of the voltage rises must equal the sum of the voltage drops这里用到的基本定理是基尔霍夫第一定理，这一定理指出：闭合回路电压代 数和为0,在任何闭合回路中，电压增加总量
3、与电压下降的总量相同。3. Mesh analysis consists of assuming that currentstermed loop （回路）currents flow in each loop of a network, algebraically summing （代数和）the voltage drops around each loop, and setting each sum equal to 0.网孔分析指的是：假设有一个电流一即所谓的回路电流一流过电路中的每一 个回路，求每一个回路电压降的代数和，并令其为零。4. One problem with electron
4、ic devices corresponding to the generalized amplifiers is that the gains ,Au or Ai, depe nd upon inter nal properties of the two port system 对应于像广义放大器这样的电子器件存在一个问题就是他们的增益Au or Ai 取决于双端口系统的内部特征。5. The operational amplifier; or Op-Amp, is designed to minimize this dependence and to maximize the ease o
5、f design.运算放大器被设计的使它尽可能的减少对其内部参数的依赖性，最大程度地 简化设计工作。6. The transistor ampl讦iers, which are the building blocks from which Op-Amp integrated circuits are constructed , will be discussed.作为构建运算放大器集成电路的基本模块，晶体管放电器，将会被讨论。7. In tegrated circuit tech no logy allows con structi on of many amplifier circuits
6、on a single composite /zchip,/ of semic on ductor material （半导体材料）.集成电路技术使得在非常小的一块半导体材料的复合“芯片”上可以安装许 多放大器电路。8. One key to the success of an operational amplifier is the cascading（串联）of a number of transistor ampl讦iers to create a very large total gain.运算放大器的成功的关键是串联许多个晶体管放电器以产生非常大的总增9. A second impo
7、rtant factor is that these circuit can be built in such a way that the current flow into each of the inputs is very small.第二个重要因索是这些冋路是按照流入的每一个输入电流都很小的原则来设计 制作的。20 This is one of the features of Op-Amp design the action of the circuit on signals depends only upon the external element which can be ea
8、sily varied by the designer and which do not dep end upon the detailed character of the Op-Amp itself.这是运算放大器设计的重要特征之一一在信号作用下，电路的动作仅取决于能够 容易被设计者改变的外部元件，而不取决于运算放大器本身的微观特性。11. Note that if A=100000 and （R1 +R2）/R1=1O, the prize we have paid for this advantage is that we have used a device with a volta
9、ge gain of 100000 to produce an amplifier with a gain of 10.注意，如果A=100000而（R1 +R2）/R1=1O,那么为此优点而付出的代价是用一 个具有looooo倍电压增益的器件产生一个具有10倍增益的放大器。12. we shall now briefly discuss the re leva nee of such terminology （术语）,and in so doing we shall bring out the special aptness of the desig nation true and fals
10、e to identify the possible values of a variable.现在我们将简要讨论一下这些术语z间的联系，并在此过程中我们应该阐明用特 殊标示“真”和“假来识别一个可能值的变量。13. Fin ally let us conn ect the in puts to the devices on the chairs of pilots A and B and arrange that an alarm bell, cormected to the output Z, respond when the output is V2（true） and not othe
11、rwise.最后，让我们把输入和飞行员A和B座位下的装置联接起来，并安装一个与输 入Z相连的警铃，当输出是V2 （真“）时响应，否则不响应。14ust as other algebras deal with variable which have a numerical sign讦icance, Boolean algebra deal with proposition and is an effective tool for analyzing the relati on ships between propositi ons which allow only two mutually ex
12、clusive alternativ e.和其他处理有数字意义变量的代数一样，布尔代数处理的是命题，而且布尔代数 对于分析仅有两个互反变量的命题之间的关系是一种有效的工具。15.Similarly, if an effective is to be produced by a change in a logical variable , it is preferred that the logical variable so involved （有关的逻辑变量）be defined in such manner that the effect is achieved when the logi
13、cal variable goes to logic 1.类似的，如果效果将通过逻辑变量的变化而产生的，那么最理想的是以这样的方 式定义有关的逻辑变量，即当逻辑变量转到逻辑1时达到此效果。P6616. control systems designed by humans are used to extend their physical capabilities, compensate for their physical limitation to relieve them of routine or tedious tasks, or to save money.控制系统被人们用來扩展自己
14、的能力，补偿生理上的限制，或把他们从规矩，单 调的工作小解脱出来，或者用来节省开支。17. The an alysis phase is concer ned with determi nation of the response of a plant the con trolled object) to comma nds, disturba nces, and cha nges in the plant parameters.系统分析关注的是命令，扰动和系统参数的变化在被控对象响应小的决定性作 用。18f the response is unsatisfactory and mod讦ica
15、tion of the plant is unacceptable, a design phase is necessary to select the control elements(the controller) needed to improve the dynamic performance to acceptable levels.如果响应不满足要求且修改的参数不被接受，就需要进行系统设计，来选择使动 态性能达到接受要求的控制元件。19n those more complex cases where it is not adequate, the classical approac
16、h solution may aid in applying the modern approach and may provide a check on the more complete and exact design.在那些更复杂的情况中，经典方法虽不能满足，但解决方法可以对应用现代方法 起辅助作用，而且可以对设计进行更完整和准确的检查。20. Moder n control theory has aris en with the adv ent of high-speed digital computers and can be characterized by the states variable concept (耳犬态变量的概念) with emphasis on matrix algebra and with analysis and design pr
