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1、形容词2022高考复习之语法透析01 知识导图形容词形容词基本用法形容词比较级与最高级构成比较等级的用法形容词在句中可作定语、表语、补足语和状语等。一般加er 或est以e 结尾的，只加r 或st以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加er 或est以“辅音字母加y” 结尾的，先变y为i再加er 或est单音节词和少数双音节词其他双音节词在前面加more或most同级比较比较级最高级倍数表达法02 考点精析考点一 形容词的基本用法形容词在句中可作定语、表语、补足语和状语等。Unlike traditional gyms, appbacked gyms offer peop
2、le flexible options to exercise.不像传统的健身房，有应用软件支持的健身房给人们提供了灵活的锻炼选择。Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for his staff.尽管旅馆服务不好，经理却不愿投资为员工提供足够的培训。02 考点精析考点一 形容词的基本用法(1)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。Lighthearted and optimistic, she is t
3、he sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。(2)有些以ly 结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词。常见的有friendly、lovely、lively、lonely、elderly、deadly 等。02 考点精析词形分类及变化构成原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般加er 或esttalltallertallestlonglongerlongest以e 结尾的，只加r 或stnicenicernicestfinefinerfinest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾
4、只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加er 或estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattest以“辅音字母加y” 结尾的，先变y为i再加er 或esthappyhappierhappiesteasyeasiereasiest其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more或mostdifficultmoredifficultmostdifficultbeautifulmore beautifulmostbeautiful考点二 形容词比较级和最高级的构成1规则变化02 考点精析重点记忆(1)有少数几个双音节以及ow 、er 、le 结尾的词，既可以
5、加er 和 est, 又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。常考的词有common、clever、simple、quiet、 stupid等。(2)表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect、favorite、wonderful等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。有些词不与than连用也可用于比较，如be senior to等。02 考点精析原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostoldolder/elderoldest/eldestlittlelessleastfarfa
6、rther(具体)farthest(具体)further(抽象)furthest(抽象)2不规则变化02 考点精析二、比较等级的用法1同级比较asadj./adv.(原级)as.意为“和一样”；not as/soadj./adv.(原级)as.意为“和不一样”。Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue.虽然我像以前一样努力工作，但我没有感到疲劳。Im not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as
7、tiring a day as today.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。02 考点精析2比较级(1)常见句型：“比较级and比较级”或“more and more原级”意为“越来越”；“the比较级， the比较级”，意为“越，就越”；“the比较级of (the)名词/代词”，意为“(两者中)较的”。02 考点精析Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.研究发现早起锻炼的人要比
8、晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。Holiday flight tickets are getting less and less expensive.假期的机票越来越便宜了。The more you listen and read, the better you write and speak.你听得越多、读得越多，你的写作和口语就越好。02 考点精析修饰比较级的副词有much、even、still、far、a little、a lot、rather 等。more、very等副词不可修饰比较级。It was also much more than we could afford, but far les
9、s than the original asking price.这个价格仍然远远超出我们能够负担得起的价位，但是它已经远远低于最初的要价了。02 考点精析(2)比较级形式表达最高级的含义“否定词比较级”或“否定词such/so.as”结构表示最高级含义。Your story is perfect; Ive never heard a better one before.比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义：a比较级thanany other可数名词单数；b比较级thanall the other可数名词复数；c比较级thanany of the other可数名词复数。The Yangtz
10、e River is longer than any other river/longer than all the other rivers/longer than any of the other rivers in China.02 考点精析3最高级(1)表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：“the最高级表示比较范围的短语或从句”，意为“是中最的”。Andy is content with the toy. It is the best he has ever got.(2)“one of/among形容词最高级名词复数”，意为“最的之一”。Shanghai is one of the
11、 biggest cities in our country.Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.(3)“序数词形容词最高级名词”，意为“第几个最的”。Africa is the second largest continent in the world.02 考点精析4倍数表达法常见的倍数表达句型主要有：(1)A is倍数比较级thanB；(2)A is倍数as原级asB；(3)A is倍数the名词(size、length、height等)ofB；(4)The名词(size、length、height 等)ofAis倍数t
12、hatofB；(5)A is倍数what引导的名词性从句。The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.The height of the tree is twice what it was five years ago.02 考点精析5比较等级的注意事项(1)某些以ior 结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。如inferior(劣等的、次的)、superior(较好的、优于)、junior(资历较浅的)、senior(资格较老的)、pri
13、or(在之前)等。He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry.在化学方面他胜过张老师。02 考点精析(2)在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one) on the bookshelf.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of
14、 wood.(3)形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，有时不加冠词，此时不表比较，而用来加强语气，意为“非常”。He is a most clever young policeman.02 考点精析(4)关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：修饰“绝对”意义的形容词，一般不用very，而用quite、completely、well、entirely。如quite wrong/mistaken/sure、 completely dead、 quite impossible、 quite perfect等。修饰以a 开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone、very much alone
15、、wide awake、fast asleep、very much afraid。修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well worth、 much the same、freezing cold、quite different、terribly cold/frightening。03 方法解读方法一遇到与than连用，要想到用比较级Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _(clean) than ever.After a few months, we all felt that we had be
16、en able to build much _(strong) relationships with the family than we had before.cleanerstronger03 方法解读情况二遇到and、but、or等连词前面或后面用比较等级形式，要想到用比较等级They were also the best and _(bad) years in my life.worst03 方法解读方法三利用修饰语(1)看到修饰语much、still、even、far、a lot、a little、a great deal、(by) far、a bit等以及百分数，要想到比较级；(2)看到修饰语by far、nearly、almost、by no means、not really以及序数词，要想到最高级。He realized that if he could construct a windmill, his village people could live a far _(good) life.better03 方法解读方法四遇到下列固定搭配，要想到用比较等级(1)th
