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1、Subjunctive mood 虚拟语气,定义： 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。,真实条件句,The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rainB.rains C.rained D.is rained,非真实条件句,1.与现在事实相反的假设。 if从句 主句 didwere would (mightcould should) +v. Eg. If they were here, they
2、would help you.,B,2.与过去事实相反的假设。 if从句 主句 had +p.p.would (mightcould should) have+ p.p. Eg. If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.,3.表示对将来情况的主观推测（可能相反或可能性很小）,if从句 主句didwere were + to do would (mightcould should) +v. should +
3、 do Eg. If you succeeded should succeed were to succeed, everything would be all right.,混合条件句 （混合虚拟语气）,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主、从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。例如：If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold t
4、oday (现在).,虚拟条件句的倒装,虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 _ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I,C,Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would
5、have met him.=If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.,特殊的虚拟语气词：should,1） It is necessary / a pity + that结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。（注：常为表情绪、观点的形容词或名词，如:necessary. important. impossible. natural
6、. strange. surprising, funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。） Eg. It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.,2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。【注：一想要(desire)一宁愿(prefer)二命令(order. command) 三建议(advise. suggest. propose) 五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中】。无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从
7、句的谓语动词都用：“（should） + 动词原形”。Eg. I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. 如果suggest, insist不表示建议 或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。,在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用 在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等 名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即 （should）+动词原形.
8、My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.,wish的用法,1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你) 2.表示过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+p.p.eg. I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件
9、事的真相。（事实：原来不知道） 3.表示将来难以实现的愿望,谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了） (注：if only、would rather 、 It is (high) time that、 as if/ as though也有类似用法）,2009年高考真题 This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year , we would repair
10、 it at our expense.（天津卷，15） A. would B. should C. could D. might 2. But for the help of my English teacher , I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.（ 福建卷，35） A.would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 3. But for their help , we _ the program in time.（安徽卷，34）
11、 A.can not finish B. will not finish C.had not finish D. could not have finished,Practice It is required that the students _ mobile phones in their school , so seldom _ them using one. A. not use ; will you see B. should not use ; you will see C. dont use ; will you see D. not use; you will see 2. H
12、ow I wish I _ my mouth before I shouted at my mum. A. shut B. have shut C. had shut D. would shut 3. The boy insisted that he _ his best and _ praised. A. had tried ; must be B. tried ; must be C. try ; should be D. had tried ; be 4. Johns pale face suggested that he _ ill , and his parents suggeste
13、d that he _ a medical examination. A. be ; should be B. was ; have C. should be ; had D. was ; has 5. It was recommended that passengers _ smoke during the flight. A. not B. need not C. could not D. would not,1.Even if he _(be) here, he couldnt solve the problem. 2. Without air, there _(be) no livin
14、g things. 3. But for your help,I_ (not do) it. 4. If only I _(take) his advice, but I didnt. 5. I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I _(come) to the meeting.,were,would be,couldnt have done,had taken,would have come,1.If she hadnt trained so hard, she _(not,be) able to run so fast today. 2.They _(want) to help but couldnt get here in time. 3.I _(be going to)travel by train but then we decided to go by air.,wouldnt be,had wanted,was going to,
